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7 protocols using l929 cells

1

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Scaffold Extracts

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Before cytotoxicity test, each scaffold (6 × 6 × 5.5 mm3) was sterilized in 70% ethanol for 3 h, washed in deionized water, and then irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) for 30 min. Each scaffold was immersed in culture medium (100 mg/mL) consisting of DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Thermo Fisher Scientific), 100 U/mL penicillin (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 100 mg/mL streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C for 24 h. The extracts were collected for cytotoxicity test. Phenol (1%) was used as positive control and PCL and DMEM as negative control, respectively.
Mouse fibroblast-like cells (L929 cells; Korean Cell Line Bank, Seoul, Korea) were seeded in 48-well culture plate (5×104 cells/cm2) and cultured for 24 h with each extract. Then a MTT (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN, USA) assay was carried out to quantify the amount of viable cells. Briefly, MTT labeling reagent was added to each well and the plates were incubated for 4 h at 37°C. Solubilization solution was then added and incubated overnight at 37°C. The OD of each well was measured at 570 nm in a microplate reader (Multiskan EX; Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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2

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of NAT

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To assess an in vivo stability of the NAT, an in vitro cytotoxicity test was performed. L929 cells, fibroblasts derived from the murine subcutaneous tissue, were purchased from Korea Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea). They were cultured in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (Eagle’s MEM; Welgene Inc., Daegu, Korea) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and were placed in a 37 °C incubator with 5% CO2 at a concentration of 3 × 104 cells/cm2 for 24 h. The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film and zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) polyurethane film served as the negative and positive control, respectively. Following this, specimens were eluted at a temperature of 37 °C. The resulting solution was added to L929 cells, which is followed by a 24-h additional culture. Following this, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution (5 mg/mL stock in PBS) was placed in each well. After a 2-h culture, culture medium and MTT solution were discarded. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution was added to each well. The well was shaken to ensure that no crystals were left. This is followed by the measurement of absorbance using the ELISA reader (Multiskan Sky; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MS, USA) at a wavelength of 570 nm.
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3

Cell Culture and Compound Preparation

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Fetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics (penicillin/ streptomycin), and Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) were purchased from Gibco BRL (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA, USA). L929 cells (mouse connective tissue normal cell line, KCLB no.10001), A549 (human lung carcinoma cell line, KCLB no.10185), PANC-1 (human pancreas carcinoma cell lines, KCLB no.21469), and HCT116 (human colon carcinoma cell line, KCLB no.10247) were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB). L929, PANC-1 cells were cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium) and A549, HCT116 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Roswell Park memorial Institute 1640 Medium) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/ streptomycin. Cells were cultured at 37 °C in 5% CO2 and changed fresh medium every 2 to 3 days. PuC and OPuC were dissolved in DMSO and diluted in serum-free (SF) medium until the DMSO concentration reached under 0.1%. All reported concentrations referred to free Ce6 equivalents. Untreated cells were kept in the dark and used as a reference standard.
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4

Biocompatibility Evaluation of Copolymers

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The L929 cells were purchased from Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB) and cultured in a DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (1%, (w/v)). Subsequently, the cell flasks were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2˗95% air atmosphere. To confirm the biocompatibility, the cells were cultured with various concentrations of copolymers. After 48 h, 20 µL MTT solution (from 5 mg/mL stock solution) was added and incubated for 3 h at 37 °C. At the same time, the purple crystals were dissolved in DMSO and the viability was examined with Microplate reader by measuring the absorbance at 490 nm. The L929 cells cultured with only fresh culture medium were used as control.
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5

Mouse Fibroblast Cell Culture

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L929 cells, fibroblast cells derived from mouse subcutaneous connective tissue, were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea) and maintained in minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) and antibiotics (50 U/mL penicillin and 50 μg/mL streptomycin) in a humidified incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO2.
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6

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Scaffold Materials

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Before the cytotoxicity tests, we sterilized each scaffold (6 × 6 × 5.5 mm3) in 70% ethanol for 3 hours, then immersed them in deionized water (D.W) and irradiated them with UV radiation for 30 minutes. Each scaffold was immersed in culture medium (100 mg ml−1) consisting of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Thermo Fisher Scientific), 100 U mL−1 penicillin (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 100 mg ml−1 streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37 °C for 24 hours, at which time we collected the resulting extracts. Phenol (1%), PCL and DMEM were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively.
We seeded mouse fibroblast-like cells (L929 cells; Korean Cell Line Bank, Seoul, Korea) in a 48-well culture plate (5 × 104 cells per cm2) and cultured them with each extract for 24 hours. The viable cells were quantified by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT; Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN, USA) assay, which we performed as follows. MTT labeling reagent was added to each well and the plates were incubated for 4 hours at 37 °C; we then added solubilization solution to each well and incubated the samples overnight at 37 °C. The optical density (O.D.) of each well was measured at 570 nm in a microplate reader (Multiskan EX; Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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7

Cell Culture Conditions for Various Cell Lines

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Madin‐Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, WI38 cells, L929 cells, and RPMI‐2650 cells were obtained from the Korean Cell line Bank (KCLB). MDCK cells (KCLB; #10034) were cultured in DMEM (HyClone, GE healthcare, USA) containing 10% FBS (HyClone, USA) and 1% antibiotics‐antimycotics. WI 38 cells (KCLB; #10075) were maintained in EMEM (ATCC, USA) including 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics‐antimycotics. L929 cells (KCLB; #10001) and RPMI‐2650 cells (KCLB; #10030) were maintained in RPMI‐1640 medium (HyClone, USA) including 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics‐antimycotics. All cells were cultured at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator.
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