Cg 2010

The crude oil extracted from Euterpe oleracea Mart. was processed into methyl esters for GC-MS analysis, following the method outlined by Hartman and Lago (1973) [30 (link)], adapted from Lima (2007) [31 (link)]. Subsequent to processing, the fatty acids were characterised using a gas chromatograph (CG-2010) coupled with a mass spectrometer (CG-EM QP2010 Plus), both from Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan) for chromatographic analysis, utilising a ZB-FFAP capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm). Helium was employed as the carrier gas at a linear speed of 30 cm/s, with a column flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The oven temperature program was set as follows: 120 °C for 2 min, with a heating ramp of 10 °C/min up to 180 °C, held for 5 min, then ramped again at 5 °C/min up to 230 °C and maintained for 25 min. The injector and ion source temperatures were maintained at 200 °C and 250 °C, respectively, with a split injection mode at a ratio of 50.
Quantification of the fatty acids was achieved by normalising the peak areas, and the esters derived from the fatty acids comprising the oil were identified using the NIST08 (National Institute of Standards and Technology) equipment library.

Total serum lipids were extracted using a mixture of methanol and chloroform chromatographic solution (2:1, vol/vol), and FAs were converted to FA methyl esters using a modified sodium methoxide method [15 (link)]. Then the FA profile was estimated using flame-ionization gas chromatography on a device (CG-2010, SHIMADZU, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a DB-FFAP capillary column (15 m × 0.100 mm × 0.10 μm [J&W Scientific from Agilent Technologies, Folsom, CA, USA]). Individual peaks were quantified as the area under the peak and results expressed as percentages of the total area of all FA peaks [16 (link)].

Total plasma fatty acids (FA) were extracted using a mixture of methanol:chloroform chromatographic solution (2:1, v/v), and FA were converted to FA methyl esters using a modified sodium methoxide method. Then, the FA profile was measured using flame-ionization gas chromatography on a device (SHIMADZU, CG-2010, Kyoto, Japan). Samples (2 μL) were injected via an autosampler into a fused-silica capillary column (DB-FFAP capillary column [15 m × 0.100 mm × 0.10 μm] J&W Scientific from Agilent Technologies, Folsom, CA, USA) in a gas chromatography system fitted with a flame ionization detector and eluted with hydrogen at 3.0 mL/min., with a split ratio of 1:150. The injector and detector were heated to 250 °C and 260 °C, respectively. The column was temperature programmed from 100 °C (hold 0.5 min) to 195 °C at 25 °C/min, then to 205 °C (hold 3 min) at 3.0 °C/min. Identification of the fatty acids was achieved by comparing their retention times with pure standards (FAME 37, code 47885, Sigma Chemical Co). Individual peaks were quantified as the area under the peak and results expressed as percentages of the total area of all FA peaks: miristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic.