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Alexa fluor 546 igg

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Alexa Fluor 546 IgG is a fluorescent dye-labeled antibody used in various biological applications. It is a conjugate of the Alexa Fluor 546 dye and an immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule. The Alexa Fluor 546 dye is excited by light at a wavelength of approximately 556 nm and emits light at a wavelength of approximately 573 nm, allowing it to be detected using fluorescence-based techniques.

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4 protocols using alexa fluor 546 igg

1

Immunofluorescence Detection of COX-2 in Hypertensive Renal Arteries

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Changes in the expression of COX-2 in the renal arteries from hypertensive patients after DMC administration for 12 hrs were visualized using immunofluorescence microscopy. The arteries were embedded in OCT compound (Sakura Finetek, the Netherlands), snap frozen, and cut into 10-μm-thick cryostat sections, which were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min, and treated with 0.05% Triton X in PBS for 1 min. The sections were blocked with 5% normal donkey serum for 1 h at room temperature and incubated with primary antibodies against COX-2 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) overnight at 4°C. After several washes in PBS, the sections were incubated with the appropriate Alexa Fluor 546 IgG (Invitrogen, Molecular Probes, California, USA) for 1 h at room temperature. After coverslipping, the sections were observed under an Olympus Fluoview FV1000 confocal microscope. Images were first acquired with the Olympus Fluoview software (version 1.5; FV10-ASW1.5) and then merged using the SPOT advanced software (Version 4.6, Diagnostic Instruments, Sterling Heights, MI, USA).
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2

Immunoblotting and Immunofluorescence Assays

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All antibodies used for Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were obtained from commercial sources. Primary antibodies used were anti-E-cadherin (BD Bioscience, NJ, USA), anti-β-catenin (BD Bioscience), anti-active B-catenin (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) anti-vimentin (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-fibronectin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-GFP (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA), anti-β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Slug (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-FSP-1 (NeoMarkers, Fremont, CA, USA), anti-phosphoAkt1 Ser473 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-phosphoAkt2 Ser474 (Novus Biologicals Littleton, CO, USA), anti-total Akt1 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-total Akt2 (Cell Signaling Technology), and rat polyclonal anti-MMP9 (EMD Millipore). β-actin protein levels were used as a control for adequacy of equal protein loading. Western blot membranes were developed using an appropriate Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated goat anti-mouse or rabbit IgG (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) or anti-rat antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and the ECL detection system (EMD Millipore). In the immunofluorescence detection secondary goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488 IgG and goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 546 IgG (Invitrogen) were used.
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3

Collagen I Expression in Stem Cells

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Expression of collagen type I in ASCs and BMSCs after 14 days in osteogenic and control media was studied by IF staining. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at RT, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 and blocked with 1% BSA in PBS. Cells were incubated under shaking with rabbit polyclonal anti-collage type I (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, dilution 1:500) overnight at 4 °C. Goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 546 IgG was used as secondary antibody (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA, dilution 1:800). The actin cytoskeleton was simultaneously stained for 45 min using phalloidin-Atto488 (Sigma-Aldrich, dilution 1:50). After washing with PBS, the nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Sigma-Aldrich, dilution 1:2000). Images were taken using an inverted fluorescent microscope (Nikon Eclipse Ti, Tokyo, Japan).
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Hepatic Tissues

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Hepatic tissues were embedded in paraffin and sectioned. The sections were incubated in 3% H2O2 in methanol and nonspecific binding was blocked with 10% normal goat serum. The sections were incubated with primary antibody overnight, washed and incubated with secondary antibody for 60 minutes. Antigen–antibody complexes were visualized using DAB kits (GeneTech, Shanghai, China). Immunofluorescence was performed as described previously33 (link). The following primary antibodies were used: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (Santa Cruz), NR4A2 (Santa Cruz), Alexa Fluor® 546 IgG (Life Technologies), Alexa Fluor® 488 IgG (H + L) (Life Technologies). Image scanning analysis system (Image-Pro Plus) was used to analyze the changes in integrated optical density (IOD) of NR4A2 and α-SMA in immunofluorescence images.
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