High contrast visual acuity was measured in a darkened room and calculated with per-letter scoring, terminating after five missed letters, as the mean of three unique ETDRS logMAR charts displayed with –100% Weber contrast (Display++ monitor; Cambridge Research Systems, Kent UK) and background luminance of 116 cd/m2 (Minolta LS-110, Konica Minolta, Ramsey, NJ).
Minolta ls 110
Manufactured by Konica Minolta
Sourced in Japan
The MINOLTA LS-110 is a luminance meter designed for professional use. It measures the luminance of various light sources and displays the results on a digital screen. The device is compact and portable, making it suitable for field measurements.
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4 protocols using minolta ls 110
1
ETDRS Chart Visual Acuity Measurement
2
Visual Span and Reading Speed Measurements
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The 26 lowercase Courier font letters of the English Alphabet—a serif font with fixed width and normal spacing—were used for both visual span and reading speed tasks. Trigrams, random strings of three letters, were used to measure visual span profiles. All the letters were black on a uniform gray background with a contrast of 99% (Fig. 1 A) and a letter size of 0.8° (in x-height) at the 57-cm viewing distance.
All stimuli were generated and controlled using a computing environment (MATLAB version 8.3 and Psychophysics Toolbox extensions47 (link),48 (link); MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) for a commercial operating system (Windows 7; Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) running on a PC desktop computer (Dell Precision Tower 5810; Dell, Inc., Round Rock, TX, USA). Stimuli were presented on a liquid crystal display monitor (model: Asus VG278HE; refresh rate: 144 Hz; resolution: 1920 × 1080, subtending 60° × 34° visual angle at a viewing distance of 57 cm) with the mean luminance of the monitor at 159 cd/m2. Luminance of the display monitor was made linear using an 8-bit lookup table in conjunction with photometric readings from a luminance meter (MINOLTA LS-110; Konica Minolta, Inc., Tokyo, Japan).
All stimuli were generated and controlled using a computing environment (MATLAB version 8.3 and Psychophysics Toolbox extensions47 (link),48 (link); MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) for a commercial operating system (Windows 7; Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) running on a PC desktop computer (Dell Precision Tower 5810; Dell, Inc., Round Rock, TX, USA). Stimuli were presented on a liquid crystal display monitor (model: Asus VG278HE; refresh rate: 144 Hz; resolution: 1920 × 1080, subtending 60° × 34° visual angle at a viewing distance of 57 cm) with the mean luminance of the monitor at 159 cd/m2. Luminance of the display monitor was made linear using an 8-bit lookup table in conjunction with photometric readings from a luminance meter (MINOLTA LS-110; Konica Minolta, Inc., Tokyo, Japan).
3
Crowded Letter Perception Experiment
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The 26 lowercase Courier font letters of the English alphabet—a serif font with fixed width and normal spacing—were used. For the crowded condition, trigrams—random strings of three letters—were used. All letters were black and had a letter size of 0.8° (in x-height) at the 57-cm viewing distance and were presented on a uniform gray background with a contrast of 99%.
All stimuli were generated and controlled using a computing environment (MATLAB version 8.3 and Psychophysics Toolbox extensions39 ,40 ; MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA) for a commercial operating system (Windows 7; Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) running on a PC desktop computer (Dell Precision Tower 5810; Dell, Inc., Round Rock, TX). Stimuli were presented on a liquid crystal display monitor (model: Asus VG278HE; refresh rate: 144 Hz; resolution: 1920 × 1080, subtending 60° × 34° visual angle at a viewing distance of 57 cm) with the mean luminance of the monitor at 159 cd/m2. The luminance of the display monitor was made linear using an 8-bit lookup table in conjunction with photometric readings from a luminance meter (MINOLTA LS-110; Konica Minolta, Inc., Tokyo, Japan).
All stimuli were generated and controlled using a computing environment (MATLAB version 8.3 and Psychophysics Toolbox extensions39 ,40 ; MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA) for a commercial operating system (Windows 7; Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) running on a PC desktop computer (Dell Precision Tower 5810; Dell, Inc., Round Rock, TX). Stimuli were presented on a liquid crystal display monitor (model: Asus VG278HE; refresh rate: 144 Hz; resolution: 1920 × 1080, subtending 60° × 34° visual angle at a viewing distance of 57 cm) with the mean luminance of the monitor at 159 cd/m2. The luminance of the display monitor was made linear using an 8-bit lookup table in conjunction with photometric readings from a luminance meter (MINOLTA LS-110; Konica Minolta, Inc., Tokyo, Japan).
4
Characterization of LED Devices
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A PR705 spectrometer was
used to record the CIE coordinates and EL spectra. Measurements of
the current density and luminance as a function of the applied voltage
were performed by using a computer-controlled source meter consisting
of a programmable Agilent B2902A source meter and a Konica-Minolta
LS-110 luminance meter. All measurements were conducted in air at
room temperature. The EQE values of the fabricated LED devices were
calculated from the obtained luminance, current density, and EL spectrum.
used to record the CIE coordinates and EL spectra. Measurements of
the current density and luminance as a function of the applied voltage
were performed by using a computer-controlled source meter consisting
of a programmable Agilent B2902A source meter and a Konica-Minolta
LS-110 luminance meter. All measurements were conducted in air at
room temperature. The EQE values of the fabricated LED devices were
calculated from the obtained luminance, current density, and EL spectrum.
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