Excede

When required, and according to the farm protocol, pigs were individually treated with ceftiofur (Excede, Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ); animals not responsive to medical treatment were removed from the study. Individual medical treatments were recorded by pen, day, and dosage. Under the direction of a veterinarian, sodium salicylate (Oral-Pro Sodium Salicylate Concentrate, Aurora Pharmaceutical, Northfield, MN; 78 mL of sodium salicylate concentrate per liter of water) was added to the water on days 13–17 and days 34–35 to treat lethargy and respiratory symptoms.

The study was conducted using a randomized complete block experimental design in which blocks of cattle were defined based on source, date of arrival to the feedlot, and study start date. Pen served as the experimental unit to evaluate both health and growth performance variables. Pairs of pens were considered a block, each consisting of 100 animals, 50 per treatment group. Each block consisted of a truck-load of cattle, received and processed on the same day, and blocks of cattle completed the study on the same day. Cattle were purchased in 100 animal lots for this experiment. End point of the study was at cattle harvest.
Treatments consisted of: (1) tulathromycin metaphylaxis (Draxxin, Zoetis, 2.5 mg/kg BW) followed by ceftiofur crystalline free acid (Excede, Zoetis, 6.6 mg/kg BW) and danofloxacin (Advocin, Zoetis, 8 mg/kg BW) for subsequent first and second as-needed BRD treatment, respectively (TCD) or (2) tildipirosin metaphylaxis (Zuprevo, Merck Animal Health, 4 mg/kg BW) followed by florfenicol-flunixin meglumine (Resflor Gold, Merck Animal Heatlh, 40 mg/kg BW florfenicol; 2.2 mg/kg BW flunixin meglumine) and enrofloxacin (Baytril, Elanco Animal Health, 12.5 mg/kg BW) for subsequent first and second as-needed BRD treatment, respectively (TFFE). Treatment assignment is illustrated in Table 2.

The previous study in she-camel (Kandeel et al., 2021 ) reported that one dose of ceftiofur crystalline acid-free form (Ceftiofur-CAF; i/m) at a dose rate of 6.6 mg/kg attained serum level above 0.2 μg/ml for 7 days, and a single dose gives 7 days cure against highly susceptible bacteria. Consequently, treatment was carried out by using a dose 6.6/ mg/kg BW (i/m) of Ceftiofur-CAF 200 mg/ml suspension (Excede, Zoetis Inc, NJ, USA). The response to treatments was assessed on days 7 and 14 d post-therapy administration at the second examination for she-camel with CE. The clinical resolution was defined as the absence of mucopurulent or worse uterine discharge at the second examination i.e. animals with clear, translucent, or no mucus. Clinical cure or failure to cure was determined. The second dose of ceftiofur-CAF after 7 days for those animals did not respond to the first injection.