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8 protocols using ultrashield plus 400 mhz spectrometer

1

Comprehensive Characterization of Nanomaterials

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NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Ultra Shield Plus 400 MHz spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) and referenced to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal standard. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies were conducted using ALV/CSG-3 laser light scattering spectrometers (ALV-GmbH Corporation, Langen, Germany). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging was performed using a HT7700 transmission electron microscope (HITACHI, Tokyo, Japan). The absorption data were recorded using a Shimadzu UV-3600 ultraviolet–visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), and photoluminescence spectra were measured using a Horiba Fluorolog 3 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Jobin Yvon Inc., Jasper, IN, USA) equipped with an 808 nm laser. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images were captured with ZEISS LSM 880 NLO microscope (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany). In vivo NIR-II fluorescence images were acquired with a NIRvana 640 InGaAs FPA camera from Princeton Instruments (Acton, MA, USA) equipped with a 900 nm and a 1500 nm long pass filter (Thorlabs, Newton, MA, USA). The power density at the animal surface was adjusted to around 60 mW/cm2 for the excitation laser.
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2

NMR, CHN, FT-IR, and ESI-MS Analysis

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1H NMR spectra were measured at 298 K on a Bruker Ultrashield Plus 400 MHz spectrometer. C, H, and N analyses were performed with a CHN–S Flash E1112 Thermo Finnigan analyzer. FT-IR spectra were obtained on KBr pellets and collected with a Shimadzu-8400S spectrophotometer. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) data were acquired on HPLC grade methanol by using a Thermo Scientific LCQ-Fleet mass spectrometer under electrospray ionization (Thermo Scientific, Austin TX, USA) by direct infusion with a 500 KL Hamilton microsyringe. Data were acquired over hundred scans after the stabilization of the ionic current for 5 min at a sample flow of 10 μl min–1. The mass spectrometer parameters used were: sheet gas flow = 10, auxiliary gas flow = 0, sweep gas flow = 0, spray voltage = 5.00 kV, capillary tube temperature = 220 °C, and capillary voltage = 12.0 V.
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3

Chromatographic Analysis of Compounds

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A UPLC mass system (UPLC, Waters, Milford, MS, USA) and a Bridge Ethylidene Hybrid Particle C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) were used to perform the chromatographic analysis. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed on Shimadzu HPLC (DGU-20A5 Degasser, LC-20AT Liquid Chromatograph, SIL-20AC Autosampler, SPD-M20A Diode Array Detector, CTO-20AC Column Oven) using Inerstil ODS-SP (5 μm, 4.6 mm × 250 mm) column. Preparative HPLC was performed on Beijing Chuangxintongheng LC3000 Semi-preparation Gradient HPLC System using Sepax Amethyst C-18 (5 μm, 21.2 × 250 mm) column. Ultraviolet (UV) spectra were recorded on a UV-2550 (PC) spectro photometer, Shimadzu Corporation. One- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were performed on a Ultra shield Plus 400 MHz spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Germany). Chemical shifts were referred to tetramethylsilane. J values were given in Hz. HR-ESIMS spectra detection was performed on a Micromass Quattro Premier Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (Waters, Manchester, UK) using an electrospray ionization source in positive mode. Thin-layer chromatography was carried out on Qingdao Puke Sil G/UV254 plates of 0.25 thickness, and spots were visualized by spraying with 20% H2 SO4/EtOH followed by heating.
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4

Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds

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Reagents and solvents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used as received unless otherwise indicated. Flash column chromatography was performed on silica gel (200–300 mesh, Fisher Scientific) using solvents as indicated. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Ultrashield Plus-400MHz spectrometer. The NMR solvent used was CDCl3 or DMSO-d6 as indicated. Tetramethylsilane (TMS) was used as the internal standard. HRMS were recorded on PerkinElmer AxION 2 TOF mass spectrometer. The purity of target compounds was determined by HPLC using a Varian 100–5 C18 250×4.6 mm column with UV detection (280 nm and 360 nm) (50% H2O in acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA, and 30–50% H2O in methanol and 0.1% TFA, two solvent systems) to be ≥ 95%.
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5

Preliminary NMR Characterization of UM and DM

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As a preliminary characterization approach, UM and DM were subjected to 1H-NMR analysis. In detail, 100 mg of ground samples were extracted with 800 µL of CDCl3, sonicated for 10 min and centrifuged. The liquid was then collected in an NMR tube, while the plant material was dried under a nitrogen flow and then re-extracted with deuterated methanol and water, sonicated for 10 min and centrifuged. In these cases, the liquid fractions were collected in NMR tubes and analyzed. The spectra were acquired using a Bruker Ultrashield Plus 400 MHz spectrometer.
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6

Characterization of Chemical Compounds

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Commercially available reagents and solvents (analytical grade) were used without further purification unless otherwise stated. The anhydrous solvents were obtained from an MBraun MB-SPS 800 Dry Solvent System. 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Ultrashield Plus 400 MHz spectrometer at 25°C. High-resolution mass spectra were acquired on an Agilent 6220 ESI-TOF mass spectrometer. Optical rotation (OR) was performed with a Schmidt & Haensch UniPol L 1000 at 589 nm and a concentration (c) expressed in g/100 mL. Infrared (IR) spectra were acquired on Nicolet iS5 spectrometer (Thermo Fisher).
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7

Comprehensive Characterization of Luminescent Compounds

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectra were obtained on a Bruker Ultra Shield Plus 400 MHz spectrometer. Deuterium dimethyl sulfoxide was as a solvent and the chemical shift was calibrated using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal standard. Resonance patterns were recorded with the notation s (singlet), d (double), t (triplet), q (quartet), and m (multiplet). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed using a SunFireTM C18 column conjugated to an ACQUITY UPLCH-class water HPLC system. Steady-state photoluminescence, phosphorescence, and excitation time-dependent phosphorescence emission spectra were measured using Hitachi F7100. The lifetime decay curves under different light fluxes and pulse numbers were obtained on an Edinburgh FLSP1000 fluorescence spectrophotometer equipped with a nanosecond hydrogen flash-lamp (nF920) and a microsecond flash-lamp (μF900), respectively. The luminescent photos were taken by a Cannon EOS 700D camera under the irradiation of a hand-held UV lamp (365 nm). X-ray crystallography was achieved using a Bruker SMART APEX-II CCD diffractometer with graphite monochromated Mo-Kα radiation.
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8

NMR Techniques for Sample Analysis

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Two different NMR techniques, 1 H NMR and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) were employed in this part of the study. Both experiments were performed using a Bruker Ultrashield Plus 400 MHz Spectrometer (Bruker, BioSpin Corporation, The Woodlands, TX).
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