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4 protocols using goat anti gp91phox

1

Visualizing Microglial Activation Markers

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Free-floating brain sections from PFA-perfused mice were sectioned at 40 μm using a freezing microtome (Leica Microsystems Inc., Bannockburn, IL). Sections were stored at − 20 °C in cryoprotectant consisting of 50% glycerol in 0.05 M phosphate buffer. For immunofluorescence triple labeling of Mac-1, TSPO, and gp91phox, free-floating brain sections were washed with 1X Tris-buffered saline (TBS) for 60 min, with fresh TBS every 10 min. Sections were then blocked with 5% normal donkey serum (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) containing 0.2% Triton X-100 for 1 h followed by primary antibody incubation: rat-anti-Mac-1 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, 553308, 1:250, RRID:AB_394772), rabbit anti-TSPO (Abcam, Cambridge, MA; ab109497, RRID:AB_10862345, 1:500), and goat anti-gp91phox (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, (sc-5827), RRID:AB_647636, 1:150) at 4 °C overnight in 2 mL of solution. After washing, sections were incubated with appropriate Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA; 1:500) for 1 h and underwent another series of washes post-secondary antibody incubation. Sections were mounted on slides and coverslipped with Prolong Gold Antifade Mountant (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) to preserve signal intensity and brightness.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Signaling

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MCF were harvested and lysed in a lysis buffer. Western blots were performed as previously described [14 (link)]. Equal amount of proteins from each sample were subjected to SDS-PAGE, and then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5 % BSA and incubated at 4 °C overnight with specific primary antibodies: rabbit anti-PCNA (diluted 1:100), rabbit His-tag (diluted 1:100), goat anti-collagen I (diluted 1:200), mouse anti-α-SMA (diluted 1:100), rabbit anti-TGF-β1 (diluted 1:200), goat anti-gp91phox (diluted 1:200) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), or mouse anti-collagen III (diluted 1:200) (Sigma, USA). The horseradish peroxidase-conjugated second antibodies (diluted 1:5000) (Zhongshan Biotechnology, China) were incubated for 2 h at room temperature. Proteins were detected by ECL detection system.
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Western Blotting Analysis of Inflammatory Proteins

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Western blotting was performed as we described previously [13 (link)]. The primary antibodies were used as follows: rabbit anti-NALP3 (1 : 1000; Protein Tech Group, Chicago, IL), rabbit anti-ASC (1 : 100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), rabbit anti-caspase-1 (1 : 100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), mouse anti-desmin (1 : 1000; Protein Tech Group, Chicago, IL), rabbit anti-synaptopodin (1 : 1000; Protein Tech Group, Chicago, IL), mouse anti-TXNIP (1 : 1000; MBL, International Co, Woburn, MA, USA), goat anti-gp91phox, and mouse anti-β-actin (1 : 10000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The membrane was incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C, followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase-labeled IgG (1 : 10000) at room temperature for 1 hour. The immunoreactive bands were detected by chemiluminescence methods. Densitometric analysis of the images was performed by using Image J software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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4

Immunolabeling of Neuronal Markers

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Dissociated neurons were fixed with a 4% paraformaldehyde/4% sucrose mixture in PBS that was warmed to 37°C in advance for 10 min at room temperature. The neurons were then permeabilized by incubation with a 0.1% (vol/vol) Triton X-100 solution in PBS for 10 min at room temperature and washed gently with PBS. The neurons were blocked with 1% BSA in PBS for 1 h at room temperature and incubated at 4°C overnight with primary antibodies, including rabbit anti-PV (1:600; Abcam), goat anti-gp91phox (1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), goat anti-p22phox (1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and mouse anti-PSD95 (1:200; Chemicon), diluted in 1% BSA. After the neurons were washed three times with PBS, they were incubated with secondary antibodies, including goat anti-rabbit IgG-FITC (1:300; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), goat anti-mouse IgG-Cy3 (1:600; Bioworld Technology) and donkey anti-goat IgG-Cy3 (1:800; Abcam), for 1 h at room temperature. After the neurons were washed three times with PBS, they were incubated with DAPI to label nuclei. Fluorescence images were obtained by confocal scanning microscopy (Leica, TCS SP2, Germany). For a given sample, 5–10 images, which were taken at 1-μm intervals, were collapsed to generate a projected image. The number of PSD95-positive puncta was measured by Image J (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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