This cross‐sectional retrospective study consecutively selected subjects from health examinations who underwent MRE and M2BPGi testing at eight health promotion centers in Korea between January and September 2019. The 236 examinees comprised 103 with normal subjects, 100 with fatty liver, five with chronic liver disease, five with liver cirrhosis, and 23 with HBsAg (+) based on ultrasonography or abdominal computed tomography. All MRE examinations were performed on MRE hardware (GE Healthcare) with a 1.5‐T imaging system using a two‐dimensional MRE protocol.13 The cutoff values for liver fibrosis using MRE were 1.94, 2.90, 3.59, and 3.6 kPa for fibrosis stage F0 (normal liver stiffness), F1 (mild fibrosis), F2 (significant fibrosis), and ≥F3 (advanced fibrosis), respectively.9 This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board.
Mre hardware
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
The MRE hardware is a medical device designed to acquire magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. It serves as the core component of an MRI system, responsible for generating and controlling the magnetic fields required for image acquisition. The MRE hardware includes various subsystems, such as the main magnet, gradient coils, and radiofrequency (RF) coils, that work together to produce high-quality images for diagnostic purposes.
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Lab products found in correlation
7 protocols using mre hardware
1
MRE and M2BPGi for Liver Fibrosis Evaluation
2
Hepatic MRE Examination Protocol
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All of the included subjects had undergone hepatic MRE examinations. MRE was performed using either MRE hardware (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) with a 1.5-T imaging system or a 1.5-T whole-body magnetic resonance unit (Gyroscan Intera, Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands) with a four-element torso coil. The two-dimensional MRE protocols used were similar to those described in previous literature [20 (link),21 (link)]. The LS values of hepatic parenchyma were measured using MRE by drawing four regions of interest (ROIs) on the elastogram. ROIs were determined by the attending radiologists. All ROIs were drawn in areas indicated as having high confidence and good signal-to-noise ratio with stiffness outliers being excluded on the confidence map [22 (link)], and copied to corresponding positions on stiffness maps, providing LS values in kilopascals. After reconfirming the adequate placement of ROIs in the right liver lobe, LS values were calculated as the median value of multiple ROIs. The definition of NASH and advanced hepatic fibrosis were based on the MRE standard of 2.91–3.59 kPa and ≥3.60 kPa, respectively [17 (link),23 (link)].
3
Quantifying Liver Fibrosis with MRE
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All MRE examinations were performed on either MRE hardware (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA) with a 1.5-T imaging system or 1.5-T whole-body magnetic resonance unit (Gyroscan Intera, Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands) using a four-element torso coil. The two-dimensional MRE protocols used were similar to those described previously in the literature.16 17 (link) The liver stiffness (LS) values of the hepatic parenchyma were measured using MRE by placing four regions of interest (ROIs) on the elastogram. ROIs were determined by the attending radiologists. All ROIs were drawn in the area indicated to have a high confidence and good signal-to-noise ratio, with stiffness outliers excluded on the confidence map18 (link) and then copied to the corresponding position on stiffness maps that provided stiffness values in kilopascals. After reconfirming whether the ROIs were adequately placed in the right liver lobe, the LS value was calculated as the median value in multiple ROIs.
The cut-off values for liver fibrosis using MRE in the current study were 1.94, 2.90 and 3.6 kPa for fibrosis stage F1 (mild fibrosis), F2 (significant fibrosis) and ≥F3 (advanced fibrosis), respectively.19–21 (link) The cut-offs of abnormal aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for both men and women were defined as >33 U/L and >38 U/L, respectively.22
The cut-off values for liver fibrosis using MRE in the current study were 1.94, 2.90 and 3.6 kPa for fibrosis stage F1 (mild fibrosis), F2 (significant fibrosis) and ≥F3 (advanced fibrosis), respectively.19–21 (link) The cut-offs of abnormal aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for both men and women were defined as >33 U/L and >38 U/L, respectively.22
4
Liver Stiffness Measurement using MRE
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Liver stiffness was measured using MRE. All MRE examinations were performed on MRE hardware (GE Healthcare) with a 1.5-T imaging system using a two-dimensional MRE protocol [11 (link)]. The cut-offs for fibrosis severity were set at MRE values of ≥3.0 kPa (≥fibrosis stage 2 (F2), significant fibrosis), ≥3.6 kPa (≥fibrosis stage 3 (F3), advanced fibrosis), and ≥4.7 kPa (fibrosis stage 4, liver cirrhosis) [12 (link)].
5
Magnetic Resonance Elastography for Liver Fibrosis Assessment
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MRE was performed using either MRE hardware (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) with a 1.5-T imaging system or a 1.5-T whole-body magnetic resonance unit (Gyroscan Intera, Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands) with a four-element torso coil. The two-dimensional MRE protocols used were similar to those described in the literature [17 (link),18 (link)]. Liver stiffness (LS) values were calculated as the median values in multiple regions of interest on elastograms. The cutoff values for significant and advanced hepatic fibrosis were based on the MRE standards for LS of 2.91–3.59 kPa and ≥3.60 kPa, respectively [19 (link),20 (link)]. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) was calculated using the following formula: –1.675 + 0.037 × age (years) + 0.094 × BMI (kg/m2) + 1.13 × impaired fasting glucose/diabetes (yes = 1, no = 0) + 0.99 × AST (aspartate aminotransferase)/ALT (alanine aminotransferase) ratio– 0.013 × platelet count (× 109/L)– 0.66 × albumin (g/dL). The Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) was calculated using the following formula: age × AST (IU/L) / platelet count (109/L) × √ALT (IU/L) [21 (link)].
6
Evaluating Liver Fibrosis Using MRE and Ultrasonography
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The presence of fatty liver was evaluated using ultrasonography. Severity was graded as normal, mild, moderate, or severe according to the degree of fat infiltration (16 ). Liver echotexture, attenuation, and visualization of the intrahepatic vessel borders and/or the diaphragm were used as the indices. Liver stiffness was measured by MRE. All MRE examinations were performed on MRE hardware (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA) with a 1.5-T imaging system using a two-dimensional MRE protocol (17 (link)). The acquired MRE images were automatically processed. Liver stiffness was assessed by a radiologist using regions of interest, excluding the vessels. The cut-off values for significant and advanced hepatic fibrosis were set at MRE values of ≥ 3.0 kPa (F2) and ≥ 3.6 kPa (F3), respectively (18 (link)). We used various cut-off values for advanced hepatic fibrosis for sensitivity analysis. The range of advanced fibrosis was defined as MRE values of 3.2–4.0 kPa for sensitivity analysis (19 (link)–23 (link)).
7
Evaluating Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis
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The presence of fatty liver was evaluated by sonography. Severity was graded as normal, mild, moderate, or severe based on the degree of fat infiltration [17 ]. Liver echotexture, attenuation, and visualization of the intrahepatic vessel borders and/or the diaphragm were used as indices.
Liver stiffness was measured using MRE. All MRE examinations were performed on an MRE hardware (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) with a 1.5 T imaging system using a two-dimensional MRE protocol [18 (link)]. The cut-off values for severity of liver fibrosis were set at MRE values; ≥stage 2 (namely ≥F2 or significant fibrosis), ≥3.0 kPa; ≥stage 3 (namely ≥F3 or advanced fibrosis), ≥3.6 kPa; and stage 4 (namely F4 or cirrhosis), ≥4.7 kPa [19 (link)].
Liver stiffness was measured using MRE. All MRE examinations were performed on an MRE hardware (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) with a 1.5 T imaging system using a two-dimensional MRE protocol [18 (link)]. The cut-off values for severity of liver fibrosis were set at MRE values; ≥stage 2 (namely ≥F2 or significant fibrosis), ≥3.0 kPa; ≥stage 3 (namely ≥F3 or advanced fibrosis), ≥3.6 kPa; and stage 4 (namely F4 or cirrhosis), ≥4.7 kPa [19 (link)].
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