Ll 37

Manufactured by Hycult Biotech

Sourced in United States

LL-37 is a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. It is a naturally occurring peptide involved in the immune response.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Hnp1 3, by Hycult Biotech (3 mentions) Myeloperoxidase, by Abcam (1 mentions) Neutrophil elastase, by Abcam (1 mentions) Elisa, by Merck Group (1 mentions) S7 nuclease, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Elisa, by LifeSpan BioSciences (1 mentions) Lactoferrin, by Assaypro (1 mentions) Lysozyme, by Assaypro (1 mentions) Il 10, by Immunotools (1 mentions) Il 17a, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Tnf α, by Mabtech (1 mentions) Tgf β, by Mabtech (1 mentions) β defensin 2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Hbd 1, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Bca assay kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Hbd 1, by Alpha Diagnostic (1 mentions) Calprotectin, by Hycult Biotech (1 mentions) Lactoferrin, by Hycult Biotech (1 mentions) Dna histone complexes, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Microplate reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)

17 protocols using ll 37

Vitamin D, Inflammation, and Immune Biomarkers

Cited 1 time

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Blood samples were obtained at the first and last study visits and stored at −80°C until determination. 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed by isotope dilution/online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (ID-XLC-MS/MS) at the Endocrine Laboratory of the Amsterdam University Medical Center (22 (link)). The limit of quantitation was 4.0 nmol/L; intra-assay CV was <6% and interassay CV was <8% for concentrations between 25 and 180 nmol/L. 25(OH)D₂ and 25(OH)D₃ were measured separately. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, and LL-37 concentrations were measured at the Leiden University Medical Center according to the manufacturer's instructions (CRP and IL-6: Meso Scale Diagnostics; LL-37: Hycult Biotech).

Rafiq R., Aleva F.E., Schrumpf J.A., Daniels J.M., Bet P.M., Boersma W.G., Bresser P., Spanbroek M., Lips P., van den Broek T.J., Keijser B.J., van der Ven A.J., Hiemstra P.S., den Heijer M, & de Jongh R.T. (2022). Vitamin D supplementation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with low serum vitamin D: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 116(2), 491-499.

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Vitamin D and Immune Biomarkers Analysis

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Frozen serum samples collected at baseline of the APPLE trial were available for analysis. 25OHD, PTH and LL-37 levels were measured. 25OHD was measured using the automated chemiluminescent technique (IDS-iSYS automated machine, Immunodiagnostic Systems, Fountain Hills, Arizona, USA) in a laboratory that participates in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)/National Institutes of Helath (NIH) Vitamin D Quality Assurance Programme and the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA). PTH was measured by ELISA (Immutopics, San Clemente, California, USA) as was LL-37 (Hycult Biotech, Uden, Netherlands).

Gupta V., Tangpricha V., Yow E., McComsey G.A., Schanberg L, & Robinson A.B. (2018). Analysis of relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and cathelicidin with inflammation and cardiovascular risk in subjects with paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: an Atherosclerosis Prevention in Paediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) study. Lupus Science & Medicine, 5(1), e000255.

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Neutrophil Protease Quantification by ELISA

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Isolated neutrophils were seeded at a concentration of 2 × 10⁶ cells/ml, stimulated with 50 nM PMA, washed, digested with S7 nuclease (Cayman Chemicals) for 20 min, centrifuged and stored at −20°C. Neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase (both from Abcam), LL37 (Hycult Biotech, Wayne, NJ, United States) and DNA-histone associated complex (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Luis, United States) concentrations were evaluated by ELISA. The DNase I concentration in the human serum was also determined by ELISA (LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, United States).

Parackova Z., Zentsova I., Vrabcova P., Klocperk A., Sumnik Z., Pruhova S., Petruzelkova L., Hasler R, & Sediva A. (2020). Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Induced Dendritic Cell Activation Leads to Th1 Polarization in Type 1 Diabetes. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 661.

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Urinary AMP Biomarkers in UPJO

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Based on our prior study finding that the AMPs beta defensin 1 (BD-1), hepatocarcinomatous-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP), cathelicidin (LL-37), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were significantly elevated in patients with UPJO compared to controls [12 (link)], we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on these four AMPs to compare their expression before (Pre) and after (Post) surgical intervention.
BD-1 was run at 1:1000 dilution (Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ) while HIP/PAP (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA), LL-37 (Hycult Biotech, Plymouth Meeting, PA), and NGAL (Hycult Biotech, Plymouth Meeting, PA) were all run undiluted. ELISAs were performed in duplicate on cell-free supernatants. Due to observed variability between ELISA plate readings, corresponding comparison groups were run on the same ELISA plate. AMP levels were normalized to urine creatinine (UCr) as previously described [12 (link)] and expressed as a ratio to UCr (ng/mg).

Gupta S., Nicassio L., Junquera G.Y., Jackson A.R., Fuchs M., McLeod D., Alpert S., Jayanthi V.R., DaJusta D., Jayanthi R., McHugh K.M., Becknell B, & Ching C.B. (2020). Impact of successful pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction surgery on urinary HIP/PAP and BD-1 levels. Journal of pediatric urology, 16(5), 592.e1-592.e7.

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Quantifying Immune Mediators in ILD

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BAL concentrations of lactoferrin (Assaypro LLC, St. Charles, MO, USA), SLPI (FineTest, Wuhan, China), lysozyme (Assaypro), LL-37 (HycultBiotech, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA), IL-10 (Immunotools), TGF-β (Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden), TNF-α (Mabtech), and IL-17A (PeproTech EC, London, UK) from ILD patients were determined using specific ELISA kits according to the manufacturers’ instructions and using the specific standard curves of recombinant molecules. The limits of detection were as follows: 0.313–20 ng/mL for SLPI, 62.5–4000 pg/mL for lactoferrin, 0.078–5 ng/mL for lysozyme, 0.14–100 ng/mL for LL-37, 15.62–1000 pg/mL for IL-10, 62.5–4000 pg/mL for TGF-β, 15.62–1000 pg/mL for TNF-α, and 15.62–1000 pg/mL for IL-17A.

Osuna-Gómez R., Mulet M., Barril S., Cantó E., Millan-Billi P., Pardessus A., de la Rosa-Carrillo D., Castillo D, & Vidal S. (2024). Levels of Lysozyme and SLPI in Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Exploring Their Role in Interstitial Lung Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(8), 4297.

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Quantifying Antimicrobial Peptides in BAL

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LL-37 (Hycult,Biotech, Netherlands), α-defensins-1,2,3 (Hycult Biotech, Netherlands), and β-defensin-2 (Pepro-Tech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) levels were analyzed as 50 μl of BAL fluid supernatant combined with 50 μl sample diluent from the above commercially available kits according to the manufactures’ instructions (Mallia et al., 2012 (link)). All measurements were performed twice for the same sample and results were averaged.

Camargo Moreno M., Lewis J.B., Kovacs E.J, & Lowery E.M. (2018). Lung allograft donors with excessive alcohol use have increased levels of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 80, 109-117.

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ELISA Quantification of LL-37 and hBD-2

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ELISA kits were used to measure plasma concentrations of LL-37 (Hycult Biotech; Uden, The Netherlands) and hBD-2 (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Burlingame, CA).

Han J.E., Alvarez J.A., Jones J.L., Tangpricha V., Brown M.A., Hao L., Brown L.A., Martin G.S, & Ziegler T.R. (2017). Impact of High-Dose Vitamin D3 on Free Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Antimicrobial Peptides in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Adults. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 38, 102-108.

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Quantitative Skin Biomarker Analysis

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ELISA was performed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, hBD1, hBD2 (PeproTech), s100A7 (CircuLex), RNASE7 (CUSABIO), and LL37 (Hycult Biotech) according to each manufacturer’s protocol. Protein concentrations of skin homogenates were determined using a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay kit (Thermo Scientific). The ELISA results were then normalized to total protein concentrations. These analyses were performed in duplicate.

Plichta J.K., Holmes C.J., Gamelli R.L, & Radek K.A. (2017). Local Burn Injury Promotes Defects in the Epidermal Lipid and Antimicrobial Peptide Barriers in Human Autograft Skin and Burn Margin: Implications for Burn Wound Healing and Graft Survival. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association, 38(1), e212-e226.

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Quantifying Antimicrobial Peptides in Biological Samples

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Levels of HDPs LL-37 (ng/mL), HBD-1 (pg/mL), and HD-5 (pg/mL) were measured in plasma and stool extracts by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (LL37, Hycult Biotech; HBD-1, Alpha Diagnostic International; HD-5, Elabscience) according to manufacturers’ instructions.

Sarker P., Mily A., Ara A., Haque F., Maier N., Wierzba T.F., Walker R.I., Venkatesan M.M, & Raqib R. (2021). Functional Antibodies and Innate Immune Responses to WRSS1, a Live Oral Shigella sonnei Vaccine Candidate, in Bangladeshi Adults and Children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 224(Suppl 7), S829-S839.

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Salivary Biomarkers for Evaluating Mucosal Immunity

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Salivary immunity was evaluated using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. First, mucosal immune competency was characterized by measuring salivary sIgA and alpha-amylase (Salimetrics, State College, PA, USA). Next, salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMP) HNP1-3, LL-37 (Hycult Biotech, Uden, The Netherlands), and lactoferrin (Biomatik, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada) concentrations were determined. Finally, lung inflammation, a marker of overall lung health, was assessed by salivary surfactant protein A (SP-A) (Biomatik, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada), secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and salivary neutrophil Elastase-alpha-1-antitrypsin complex (Hycult Biotech, Uden, The Netherlands) concentrations^{47 (link),48 (link)}. According to manufacturers’ instructions, all samples were tested in duplicate, read on a plate reader (SprectraMax i3x, Molecular Devices; San Jose, CA) and concentrations were calculated on absorbance reading based on standard curves. Salivary biomarker concentrations were then converted to secretion rates by multiplying the concentrations by salivary flow rate. Unfortunately, technical limitations associated with saliva collection led to low volume recovery in some participants, and some analyses were conducted on a reduced sample size.

Granger J., Cho E., Lindsey K., Lemoine N., Calvert D., Marucci J., Mullenix S., O’Neal H., Irving B.A., Johannsen N, & Spielmann G. (2022). Salivary immunity of elite collegiate American football players infected with SARS-CoV-2 normalizes following isolation. Scientific Reports, 12, 9090.

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