Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the PFC and hippocampus, a measure of lipid peroxidation, was assayed in the form of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) as described in our previous study [21 (link)]. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the PFC and hippocampus was determined using a SOD assay kit (Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) as we previously described [21 (link)]. The MDA level is expressed as nmol/mg protein, and the SOD activity is expressed as U/mg protein.

The in vivo intestinal tissues of rats were homogenized on ice in normal saline. The homogenates were centrifuged at 4000 g/min at 4 °C for 10 min. The MDA level in the supernatants was determined by measuring the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels according to the manufacturer’s protocols (Nanjing Jiancheng Corp., China). The results were calculated as nmol/g protein. The SOD activity in the supernatants was evaluated according to the manufacturer’s protocols (Nanjing Jiancheng Corp., China). The results were expressed as U/g protein. Glutathione peroxidase activity was measured using the method according to the manufacturer’s protocols (Nanjing Jiancheng Corp., China). Activity was expressed as U/g protein.

Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were estimated using the EILSA kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bio-Engineering, Nanjing, China) by using the manufacture instructions. Malonaldehyde (MDA), the level was estimated using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay by using the standard available kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bio-Engineering, Nanjing, China) using the manufacture instructions.