Hpi t

Nubbins of
Stylophora pistillata were collected from five mother colonies maintained in the aquaria facilities of the Centre Scientifique de Monaco. Two small nubbins (3–5 cm long) were cut off from each mother colony, and were allowed to heal for four weeks in 15 L open system tanks before the experiments. Corals were maintained in the same conditions as the mother colonies,
i.e. at 25°C, under a photosynthetic active radiation of 200 µmol photon.m
^-2.s
^-1 provided by 400 W metal halide lamps (HPIT, Philips) and were fed twice a week with
Artemia salina nauplii. Seawater in the tanks was continuously renewed at a rate of 10 L.h
^-1.
Immortalized skin fibroblasts (BJ-EHLT cells) were kindly provided by E. Gilson’s lab (IRCAN) and cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (Invitrogen, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (Dutscher, Brumath, France) at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO
₂, as previously described (
Biroccio
et al., 2013).

Two-year-old seedlings of F. ornus and Q. ilex, obtained from the nursery of Aurunci Regional Park (Central Italy), were transported to the experimental garden of the Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome on 18 May 2016. Plants were transferred to 7L pots along with their clods and the remaining pot volume was filled with a mixture of sand, turf, and perlite. The experiment was conducted in a ‘walk-in’ chamber facility, consisting of two closed chambers (2.5 m × 3.9 m × 3 m h): one was used as control and one for O₃ fumigation [54 (link)]. Air temperature was maintained at 27.9 ± 1.8°C during the day and at 22.7 ± 0.9°C at night. The relative humidity was 61 ± 6.1%.
In each chamber, a photosynthetic active radiation of approximately 700 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ was provided for 12 h per day by using 6 metal halide lamps (1000 W; Philips HPI-T). The microclimatic conditions were monitored at 5-min intervals and did not differ significantly between the chambers. In each chamber, plants were randomly relocated daily to reduce possible position effects. During the entire experimental period, all plants were watered in order to maintain soil close to field capacity and avoid water stress.

Two-year-old seedlings of Q. ilex, obtained from the nursery of Aurunci Regional Park (Central Italy), were transplanted into 7L pots filled with a mixture of sand, turf, and perlite and placed in a `walk-in’ chamber facility at the Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome. Air temperature was maintained at 27.9 ± 1.8 °C during the day and at 22.7 ± 0.9 °C at night. The relative humidity was 61 ± 6.1%. In each chamber, a photosynthetic active radiation of approximately 700 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ was provided for 12 h per day by using 6 metal halide lamps (1000 W; Philips HPI-T). In Fusaro et al., 2017 [10 (link)] further details about the experimental setup were reported.