IMP (purity > 98%) was purchased from MUST (Chengdu, China). Diazepam was purchased from Tianjin KingYork Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Clonazepam, nordazepam, and temazepam (purity > 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA), and Clonazepam was used as the internal standard (IS). NADPH was purchased from Roche (Shanghai, China). Ultra-pure water was prepared by a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Analytical grade formic acid was provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). UPLC grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany). The BCA Protein Assay Kit was purchased from Beyotime (Beijing, China). Blank rat plasma samples were supplied by drug-free rats from the Laboratory Animal Center of Wenzhou Medical University. All other chemicals for this study were reagent grade and used without further purification.
Clonazepam
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
Clonazepam is a pharmaceutical product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a benzodiazepine medication primarily used as a treatment for seizure disorders, such as epilepsy. Clonazepam acts as a central nervous system depressant, enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Carbamazepine, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Phenobarbital, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Phenytoin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Flumazenil, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Diazepam, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Ethosuximide, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Sodium valproate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Bicuculline, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Clobazam, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Lamotrigine, by AK Scientific (4 mentions)
Gabapentin, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (4 mentions)
Levetiracetam, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (4 mentions)
Tiagabine, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (4 mentions)
Topiramate, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (4 mentions)
Lacosamide, by Axon Medchem (4 mentions)
Alprazolam, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Eslicarbazepine, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (3 mentions)
Rufinamide, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (3 mentions)
Ezogabine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
34 protocols using clonazepam
1
Optimized Quantification of Benzodiazepines
2
Electrochemical Analysis of Clonazepam in Phosphate Buffer and Wine
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All chemicals were obtained from Fisher (Loughborough, UK), unless otherwise stated.
Deionized water was obtained from a Purite RO200 -Stillplus HP System, (Purite Oxon., UK).
Solutions of disodium, trisodium, sodium o-phosphate and o-phosphoric acid were made at a concentration of 200 mM by dissolving the appropriate mass in deionized water. These were then titrated together, to give the desired pH. A stock solution of clonazepam (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) was prepared by dissolving the required mass in ethanol to give a concentration of 10 mM. Working standards, for initial voltammetric studies, were prepared daily by dilution of this solution with phosphate buffer to give a final concentration of 100 mM phosphate buffer containing 1 mM clonazepam. These were then adjusted with sufficient water to give a 10 % ethanol solution. A white wine beverage sample (Mannara, Grillo Pinot Grigio, Sicilia, 2008, 13 % v/v) was obtained from a local commercial outlet. Foetal bovine serum was obtained from Biosera (Brambleside, UK).
Deionized water was obtained from a Purite RO200 -Stillplus HP System, (Purite Oxon., UK).
Solutions of disodium, trisodium, sodium o-phosphate and o-phosphoric acid were made at a concentration of 200 mM by dissolving the appropriate mass in deionized water. These were then titrated together, to give the desired pH. A stock solution of clonazepam (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) was prepared by dissolving the required mass in ethanol to give a concentration of 10 mM. Working standards, for initial voltammetric studies, were prepared daily by dilution of this solution with phosphate buffer to give a final concentration of 100 mM phosphate buffer containing 1 mM clonazepam. These were then adjusted with sufficient water to give a 10 % ethanol solution. A white wine beverage sample (Mannara, Grillo Pinot Grigio, Sicilia, 2008, 13 % v/v) was obtained from a local commercial outlet. Foetal bovine serum was obtained from Biosera (Brambleside, UK).
3
Clonazepam Behavioral Testing Protocol
4
Steroid and Benzodiazepine Preparation Protocol
5
Intranasal Administration of Neurosteroids
6
GABA Estimation in Brain Tissue
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Bicuculline, clonazepam, diazepam, flumazenil, methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate (FG7142), pentylenetetrazole, sodium valproate, reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid, n-butanol, pyridine, sodium dodecyl sulphate, 5′5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) and trichloroacetic acid were obtained from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. All other chemicals and reagents used in the brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content estimation were obtained from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. diazepam was obtained from Roche (France).
7
Antiepileptic Drug Stock Solution Protocol
8
Preparation of Anticonvulsant Compounds
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All compounds were prepared in 0.5% methylcellulose (Sigma; St. Louis, MO, USA) suspensions, with the exception of sodium valproate, which was prepared in saline (0.9% NaCl). Carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, ethosuximide, ezogabine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and sodium valproate (valproate) were obtained from Sigma. Eslicarbazepine, gabapentin, levetiracetam, rufinamide, tiagabine, and topiramate were obtained from TCI America. Lacosamide was obtained from Axon Medchem. Lamotrigine was obtained from AK Scientific.
9
Benzodiazepine and TSPO Ligand Effects
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Alprazolam, midazolam, clonazepam, PK11195, and bicuculline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. AP-3 was provided by Algiax Pharmaceuticals GmbH. Stock solutions of Alprazolam (10 mM in DMSO), midazolam (6.25 mM in water), clonazepam (50 mM in ETOH), or AP-3 (50 mM in DMSO) were diluted into media to the indicated concentration.
10
Evaluating Antioxidant Activity of Compounds
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Clonazepam (CNZ), furosemide (FUR), flumazenil, prazosin, ketanserin, L-NAME, indomethacin, pyridine, N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid-free (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ascorbic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).
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