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4 protocols using tbs tween

1

Immunofluorescence Staining of Paraffin-Embedded Sections

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When gels were recovered from mice, they were processed as previously described for paraffin embedding33 (link). Briefly, gels were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formalin overnight and subsequently dehydrated and paraffin embedded. Sections of 4 µm were cut and processed for either hematoxylin eosin staining or for immunofluorescence staining.
After dewaxing, sections were placed in Tris–HCl buffered saline supplemented with Tween-20 (TBS-Tween, 0.1 M Tris HCl, 0.14 M NaCl, 0.05% Tween-20, pH7.6, all reagents from Sigma-Aldrich) for 10 min, then incubated at room temperature for 1 h in TBS-Tween supplemented with 10% goat serum (Sigma-Aldrich) and then for 1 h at room temperature with the primary antibody. Sections were then washed 3 times with TBS-Tween, the secondary antibody applied and incubated for another hour. Sections were then counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich) and then mounted.
As primary antibody, human cytokeratin 14 (CK14, 1:500 dilution, polyclonal AF-64, Covance, Princeton, NJ, USA) was used, while as secondary antibody, AlexaFluor 488-labelled goat anti-rabbit IgG was used (1:500, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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2

Quantifying HER2 Binding Kinetics

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ELISA plates (Corning, Pittsburg, PA) were coated overnight with 2μg/mL of recombinant human HER2 Fc chimera (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). The next day, different amounts of trastuzumab (1ng-5μg/mL) and culture supernatant were applied and incubated for 2hr. Non-specific binding was eliminated by vigorous washes with TBS-Tween (Boston Bioproducts, MA). The plates were then incubated with secondary antibody, anti-human IgG (Fab specific)-alkaline phosphatase conjugate (Sigma, St Louis, MO) for 2hr. After washing with TBS-Tween, the plates were incubated with pNPP substrate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) for 5-15 minutes and the optical density was measured at 405nM.
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurodegenerative Markers

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All brain tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry, as previously described in Gary et al. 2019 [11 (link)]. Briefly, 4-μm-thick paraffin sections were cut, deparaffinized in xylene, successively rehydrated in ethanol (100, 90, and 70%) and rinsed under running tap water for 10 min before immunohistological staining. They were then incubated in 99% formic acid for 5 min, quenched for endogenous peroxidase with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 20% methanol, and washed in water. Sections were blocked at room temperature for 30 min in 4% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 0.05 M tris-buffered saline, with 0.05% Tween 20, pH 8 (TBS-Tween, Sigma). They were then incubated overnight at + 4 °C with the 6F3D anti-Aβ antibody (Dako, 1/200), polyclonal anti-tau antibody (Dako, 1/500), monoclonal anti-alpha-synuclein (LB509, Zymed, 1/250), polyclonal anti-TDP43 (Protein Tech Group, 1/1000) routinely used for Aβ, tau, alpha-synuclein and TDP43 detection, respectively. Sections were further incubated with a biotinylated secondary antibody for 25 min at room temperature, and the presence of the secondary antibody was revealed by a streptavidin–horseradish peroxidase conjugate using diaminobenzidine (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). Sliced were counterstained with Harris hematoxylin.
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4

Apoptosis and Necrosis Quantification

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Tissue sections of 4 μm were cut and deparaffinized from each embedded sample. Rehydrated sections were permeabilized (0.1% TBS-Tween, Sigma) prior to blocking with 5% FBS (Gibco). Primary antibody for human Cleaved-Caspase-3 (Cell Signaling) was diluted 1:200, applied to the sections and incubated overnight at 4°C. Bound primary antibody was detected by exposing the sections to Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate goat anti-rabbit (1:400 dilution) (Abcam) for 2 h at room temperature. Cross-reactivity of the secondary antibody was tested by incubating some samples without the primary antibody. Similarly, additional tissue sections were deparaffinized, rehydrated, and digested with 20 μg/mL proteinase K (Invitrogen). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick 3’endlabeling (TUNEL) kit (Promega) was used to label the sections, following manufacturer instructions. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (1:1500 dilution) (Invitrogen). Stained sections were imaged using a light microscope (Leica DM2000) with a digital camera (Leica DFC 295) and 40X magnification. Images were analyzed with Image J software (NIH) in order to calculate the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis, expressed as the number of Cleaved Caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells per 1000 cells, observed in ten representative optical sections (areas with extensive necrosis were avoided).
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