Chemicals such as 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), citric acid, buffer solutions along with biologicals such as hemoglobin (Hb) and BSA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Hp antigen of human origin was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Au colloid (60 nm) was obtained from BBI solutions (Crumlin, UK).
Hemoglobin hb
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. It is a core component of the human circulatory system and plays a vital role in the transport and delivery of oxygen to tissues.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Feso4, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hemin hm, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 2 dipyridyl dp, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Buffer solutions, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Human serum, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Thiourea, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Myoglobin mb, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q water purifier, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium hexacyanoferrate 2 trihydrate k4fe cn 6, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cysteamine cys, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Prostate specific antigen, by Abcam (1 mentions)
4 dimethylaminopyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using hemoglobin hb
1
Rapid Hp Antigen Detection Assay
2
Protein-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles
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Polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP, Mw 40000), isopropanol (99.5%), myoglobin from horse skeletal muscle (Mb), and hemoglobin (Hb) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethylene glycol (EG, 99%) was purchased from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). Silver nitrate (AgNO3) and silver chloride (AgCl) were obtained from Cabro S.p.A. (Arezzo, Italy).
3
Synthesis and Characterization of MoS2 Nanoparticles
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Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (99.98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), thiourea (AMRESCO, Solon, OH, USA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) were used to synthesize the MoS2 NPs. Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) (K3Fe(CN)6) (approx. 99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) and potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate (K4Fe(CN)6) (≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) was used as the electrolyte in this study. EDC and NHS were purchased from Thermo Scientific (≥99.0%, Waltham, MA, USA). Human serum (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), cysteamine (Cys) (≥98.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), gp120 antibody (Sino biological, Wayne, PA, USA), and gp120 antigen (ACRO Biosystem, Newark, DE, USA) were used to fabricate the biosensor. All aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized (DI) water from a Millipore Milli-Q water purifier operating at a resistance of 18 MΩ·cm. Myoglobin (Mb) (≥90.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), hemoglobin (Hb) (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), thioredoxin (Trx) (Sino biological, Wayne, PA, USA), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were used to investigate the selectivity of the fabricated biosensor.
4
Interference Testing for Viral Markers
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Interference testing was performed according to the CLSI EP07-A2 guidelines [26 ]. Briefly, 200 mg/dl triglyceride (TG) from an in-house serum sample with a high triglyceride titer (~ 400 mg/dl) was used as the stock; 0.4 mg/dl bilirubin (BL), which was obtained from Sigma, 5.5 g/dl hemoglobin (HB), which was obtained from healthy donors, 17 ng/ml human anti-mouse antibody plasma (HAMA), which was obtained from Meridian Life Science, and a three-fold dilution of a multi-analyte positive control (MAPC), which was obtained from SeraCare (Accurun Series 2700) and contained anti-HIV-1/2, anti-HTLV-I/II, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, anti-CMV, anti-Treponema pallidum, and HBsAg, was spiked into the serum and EDTA-plasma from HDV-positive patients.
5
Multifunctional Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System
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γ-Cyclodextrin (γ-CD), succinic anhydride (SA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 3-(diethylamino)propylamine (DEAP), hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), triethylamine (TEA), sodium tetraborate, adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), N-phenylacetic acid (PA), methanol (MeOH), triiron dodecacarbonyl (FeCO), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), deionized water (HPLC grade), sodium azide, tween 80, hemoglobin (Hb), sodium dithionite, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), and formaldehyde were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium hyaluronate (HA, Mw = 4.8 kDa) was purchased from Lifecore Biomedical Inc. (Chaska, MN, USA). Paclitaxel (PTX) was purchased from Samyang Biopharm (Seoul, Republic of Korea). RPMI-1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, streptomycin, trypsin, and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) were purchased from Welgene Inc. (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Chlorin e6 (Ce6) was purchased from Frontier Scientific Inc. (Logan, UT, USA). Wheat Germ Agglutinin Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate (WGA-Alexa Fluor® 488) was purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies Inc. (Rockville, MD, USA).
6
Microglia-Neuron Interactions in Hemoglobin-Induced Toxicity
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Primary microglia were prepared from postnatal day 1 C57BL/6J mice as previously reported [13 (link)]. Primary neurons were prepared from a day 15 embryonic cortex obtained from the pregnant C57BL/6J mice as previously reported [17 (link)]. All experiments were carried out 24 h after cells were seeded. The cells were treated with hemoglobin (Hb) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) diluted in culture medium or combined with SP600125 (Abcam, Cambridge, USA) diluted in DMSO for 24 h. The vehicle was used as the control. The supernatants were removed and replaced with fresh DMEM for another 24 h. Then, microglia were collected for assays. The conditioned medium of microglia was collected and added to neurons which were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% FBS for 24 h. Then, the cells were harvested for experiments.
7
Rat Cortex Neuron Culture and SAH Model
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For the neuron culture, the cortex was obtained from rats at embryonic day 13–15 as we previously reported [24 ,25 (link),26 (link)]. In brief, after removing leptomeninges, the cerebral cortex was digested with Trypsin. Then we used fetal bovine serum to stop the digestion and repeatedly triturated the neuron suspension. After filtration and centrifugation, the remaining neurons were seeded in poly-D-lysine-coated plates with neurobasal medium and incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO2. The medium contained 0.5 mM GlutaMax (Gibco Company, New York, NY, USA) and 2% B27 supplement (Gibco Company, USA). We would replace the medium at 4 h, 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d following seeding. For the in vitro SAH model, neurons were treated with hemoglobin (Hb, Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, USA) at a concentration of 25 μM for 24 h. Primary neurons were randomly assigned to different groups.
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Isotopic Nitric Oxide Compounds
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Sodium [15N]nitrite (98% at 15N) was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). Sodium [15N]nitrate (99% at 15N) was supplied from MSD Isotopes Merck Frosst Canada (Montreal, Canada). Glutathione (GSH), l -cysteine, d -cysteine, l -homocysteine, N-acetyl-l -cysteine (NAC), dithiothreitol (DTT), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and hemoglobin (Hb) were purchased from Sigma (Munich, Germany). N-Acetyl-l -cysteine ethyl ester (NACET) was prepared as described elsewhere (Giustarini et al. 2012 (link); Tsikas et al. 2018 (link)). HiTrapBlue Sepharose affinity columns (1-mL for quantitative analyses and 5-mL cartridges for isolation of human plasma albumin (ALB) and freshly prepared SNALB and S15NALB) were obtained from Pharmacia Biotech (Freiburg, Germany). Centrisart I® ultrafiltration cartridges (pore size 4 μm, cut-off 20 kDa) were obtained from Sartorius (Göttingen, Germany). NO gas and other chemicals including sodium nitrite and buffer salts were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). ODQ was obtained from ALEXIS Corporation (San Diego, CA, USA). Stock solutions of ODQ were prepared in DMSO. Collagen was obtained from Hormonchemie (Munich, Germany).
9
Bacterial Cultivation and Iron Regulation
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The bacterial strains and plasmids used in this work are indicated in Table 1
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Polymers
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Hemoglobin (Hb) was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. DM, was purchased from Shanghai Chemical Co., Ltd. Bromo ethane, butane bromide, bromo hexane, decane bromide, azobisisobutyronitrile and potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) were purchased from National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical reagent Co., Ltd. Acetone, acetonitrile and LB medium were purchased from Tianjin Chemical Reagent Factory. The concentration of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution was 0.1 M and the pH was 7.0. Chitosan, potato dextrose agar (potato dextrose agar, PDA) and MH agar (MHA) were purchased from Difco company. All solutions were prepared using Milli-Q purified water (18.0 MΩ cm−1). Above agents were analytical grade and used without further purification.
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