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7 protocols using mkeima red mito 7

1

Autophagy and Actin Dynamics Regulation

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pN3-3xFlag-Control (Addgene, 107717, Guntram Suske Lab [75 (link)]); pmRFP-LC3 (Addgene, 21075, Tamotsu Yoshimori Lab [43 (link)]); pMXs-puro GFP-Sqstm1/p62 (Addgene, 38277, Noboru Mizushima Lab [49 (link)]); pBABE-puro mCherry-EGFP-LC3B (Addgene, 22418, Jayanta Debnath Lab [76 (link)]); pBABE-EGFP (Addgene, 36999, Debu Chakravarti Lab [77 (link)]); ECFP-SSH1ΔC (N461) (Dr. Mizuno lab [51 (link)]); EGFP-SSH1 (Dr. Storz lab [69 (link)]); mKeima-Red-Mito-7 (Addgene, 56018); pOPTN-EGFP (Addgene, 27052Beatrice Yue Lab [78 (link)]); pMXs-puro GFP-Sqstm1/p62ΔC (Addgene, 38282, Noboru Mizushima Lab [49 (link)]); pMXs-puro GFP-Sqstm1/p62 D337, 338, 339A (GFP-SQSTM1-LIR) (Addgene, 38280, Noboru Mizushima Lab [49 (link)]); HA-Ubiquitin (Addgene, 18712, Edward Yeh Lab [79 (link)]); pDR125 (Addgene, 37150, Dale Ramsden Lab); pN3-3xFlag-SSH1, mCherry-EGFP-Sqstm1/p62, mCherry-EGFP-Sqstm1S403A, mCherry-EGFP-Sqstm1S403E, pN3-Flag-SSH1ΔC, pN3-Flag-SSH1ΔN and pN3-Flag-SSH1ΔNC393S were generated in this work (see methods below).
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2

Fluorescent Markers for Neuronal Organelles

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GFP-SNPH and GFP SNPH1–469 plasmids were gifts from Sheng laboratory at NIH. For non-GFP SNPH vectors, we cloned SNPH and SNPH1–469 into pcDNA3.1 vectors (Invitrogen) at HindIII and Xho1 restriction sites. We used Addgene plasmids Mito-GCaMP5G (Addgene plasmid #105009; Kwon et al., 2016 (link)), PercivalHR (Addgene plasmid #49082; Tantama et al., 2013 (link)), mKeima-Red-Mito-7 (Addgene plasmid #56018, a gift from Michael Davidson), EGFP-LC3 (Addgene plasmid #11546; Jackson et al., 2005 (link)) and GFP-RAB7 (Addgene plasmid #12605; Choudhury et al., 2002 (link)). pF(UG) hSyn Lamp1-msGFP (#JV012) plasmid was a gift from Jason Vevea/Edwin R. Chapman at UW, Madison. These plasmids were transfected in primary hippocampal neurons on DIV4 using lipofectamine LTX transfection reagent (Thermo Fisher scientific) for 5 hr as described in manufacturer’s protocol.
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3

Neuronal Transfection for Autophagy and Mitochondrial Dynamics

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Neurons were cultured on 18 mm diameter coverslips pre-coated with poly-L-Lysine (Sigma-Aldrich, P-1524), and at 4 DIV, they were transfected with 2 µg of plasmid DNA per coverslip using Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 11668-019) or Lipofectamine LTX (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 11668-019). A 1:3 ratio of µg plasmid DNA and µL lipofectamine was used. Neurons were incubated with the transfection mixture for 24 h. Plasmid pmRFP-LC3 (Addgene, #21075, Watertown, MA, USA) kindly provided by Dr. Susana Castro Obregón and mKeima-red-mito-7 (Addgene, #56018) were transfected.
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4

Fluorescent Markers for Neuronal Organelles

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GFP-SNPH and GFP SNPH1–469 plasmids were gifts from Sheng laboratory at NIH. For non-GFP SNPH vectors, we cloned SNPH and SNPH1–469 into pcDNA3.1 vectors (Invitrogen) at HindIII and Xho1 restriction sites. We used Addgene plasmids Mito-GCaMP5G (Addgene plasmid #105009; Kwon et al., 2016 (link)), PercivalHR (Addgene plasmid #49082; Tantama et al., 2013 (link)), mKeima-Red-Mito-7 (Addgene plasmid #56018, a gift from Michael Davidson), EGFP-LC3 (Addgene plasmid #11546; Jackson et al., 2005 (link)) and GFP-RAB7 (Addgene plasmid #12605; Choudhury et al., 2002 (link)). pF(UG) hSyn Lamp1-msGFP (#JV012) plasmid was a gift from Jason Vevea/Edwin R. Chapman at UW, Madison. These plasmids were transfected in primary hippocampal neurons on DIV4 using lipofectamine LTX transfection reagent (Thermo Fisher scientific) for 5 hr as described in manufacturer’s protocol.
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5

Quantifying Mitophagy in Macrophages

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To determine quantitative changes in mitophagy, BMDMs were transfected with mKeima-Red-Mito-7 (Addgene, plasmid 56018). The excitation spectrum of mKeima-Red shifts from 440 to 620 nm when mitochondria are delivered from the cytosol to acidic lysosomes, which occurs during mitophagy (98 (link), 99 (link)). Thirty-six hours after transfection, cell were treated with 100 μM PA or 600 ng/mL LPS for 18 hours and cell images were acquired using the JuLI Stage (NanoEnTek) imaging system with 458 nm (green, mitochondria at neutral pH) and 561 nm (red, mitochondria under acidic pH) lasers. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software.
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6

Mitochondrial Autophagy Induction in HeLa Cells

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HeLa cells were transfected with the mKeima-Red-Mito-7 (Addgene, 56018) plasmid using Lipofectamine 3000 for 24 h and then treated with SAHA for another 12 h. The cells were imaged using Leika TCS SP5 Confocal (Ex = 550 nm, Em = 620 nm for acidic red fluorescence; Leica Microsystems, Germany).
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7

Mitophagy Evaluation in HK-2 Cells

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HK-2 cells were transfected with the mKeima-Red-Mito-7 (Addgene, 56018) plasmid using Lipofectamine 3000 for 40 h and then treated with 8 mg/mL albumin for another 8 h. Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (C1027, Beyotime, China). The cells were imaged using an OLYMPUS confocal microscope (Ex = 550 nm, Em = 620 nm for acidic red fluorescence, Tokyo, Japan). For quantification, more than 20 cells in each group were examined for autolysosome formation to estimate the autolysosome dots/cell.
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