Molybdenum(IV) sulphide powder of 2 μm and 90 nm particle diameter, tungsten(IV) sulphide (90 nm), thiabendazole (TBZ), quinine (Q) sulphate salt monohydrate, carbendazim (CBZ), diuron (DI) and benomyl (BN) all 99% were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St Louis, USA). Sulphuric acid, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and ethanol (EtOH) were provided by Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). 1 mM TBZ standard solutions were prepared in ethanol. TBZ solutions were daily prepared from the stock by dilution in water. Ultrapure water was produced by a system of Merck Millipore (Billerica, Massachusetts, USA).
Sulphuric acid
Manufactured by Scharlab
Sourced in Spain
Sulphuric acid is a highly corrosive and concentrated liquid chemical compound. It is composed of hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, with the chemical formula H2SO4. Sulphuric acid is a strong acid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Thiabendazole, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Carbendazim, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diuron, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Benomyl, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Molybdenum 4 sulphide powder, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tungsten 4 sulphide 90 nm, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quinine sulphate salt monohydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
1 methyl 2 pyrrolidinone, by Scharlab (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anhydrous sodium sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hexane, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
Chlorpyrifos d10, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Analytical standards, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Erba Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Panreac, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using sulphuric acid
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles
2
Quantification of Organochlorine Pesticides
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Standards of OCP components, their derivatives, and internal standard (4,4-dichlorobenzophenone, DBP) were obtained from the Germany-based company of Ehrenstorfer. N-hexane, anhydrous sodium sulfate, and ethyl acetate were purchased from Merck (Germany), and sulphuric acid was obtained from Scharlab in Spain. An altered technique has been previously explained to evaluate OCP levels (28 (link), 32 (link)–34 (link)). First of all, DBP was combined with 0.5 mL of serum. Second, 2 mL of N-hexane was utilized for sample extraction (2 times). Third, to isolate the organic portion of the resulting mixture, 200 µL of concentrated sulphuric acid was applied. The organic component was then dehydrated by 100 mg of anhydrous sodium sulfate. After that, the organic layer was centrifuged, and at room temperature, wholly dried. Ultimately, the extracted OCPs were dissolved in 100 µL of ethyl acetate. All specimens were injected into a gas chromatograph (GC) (Agilent 7890A, USA) to measure and detect OCPs.
3
Extraction and Analysis of PBDEs
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Silica 60 (70–230 mesh) and sodium sulphate were acquired from Merk (Darmstadt, Germany), hexane and nonane was supplied by Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, USA), and sulphuric acid was acquired from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). PBDE standards and 13C labeled solutions were from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc. (New Haven, USA) and PBDE technical mixtures (pentabrominated, octabrominated and decabrominated) were supplied by LGC Standards (Teddington, UK).
4
Hydrophobic Pesticides Extraction and Analysis
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The pesticides studied include three hydrophobic (log Kow > 4) compounds: CHL
Stock solutions of each pesticide in methanol were prepared using analytical standards purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) and stored in the dark at -20 °C until use.
Internal standards of d10-chlorpyrifos and phenoxy-d5-fenvalerate were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; d7-oxadiazon was purchased from LGC standards (Teddington, Middlesex, UK).
Ethyl acetate, acetone, water, dichloromethane, hexane, and methanol solvents were purchased form J.T. Baker (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Chloroform was purchased from Carlo Erba (Val De Reuil, Eure, France). Formic acid (98-100%) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The quality of all solvents was according to organic trace analysis. Sulphuric acid was obtained from Scharlau (Spain), and mineral salts and other chemicals were purchased from Scharlab (Spain). GF/A and CG/C glass fibre filters were obtained from Whatman (GE Healthcare, USA). Table 1 (a) [32] , (b) [33] , (c) [34] (link), (d) [35] (link), (e) [36] (link)
Stock solutions of each pesticide in methanol were prepared using analytical standards purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) and stored in the dark at -20 °C until use.
Internal standards of d10-chlorpyrifos and phenoxy-d5-fenvalerate were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; d7-oxadiazon was purchased from LGC standards (Teddington, Middlesex, UK).
Ethyl acetate, acetone, water, dichloromethane, hexane, and methanol solvents were purchased form J.T. Baker (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Chloroform was purchased from Carlo Erba (Val De Reuil, Eure, France). Formic acid (98-100%) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The quality of all solvents was according to organic trace analysis. Sulphuric acid was obtained from Scharlau (Spain), and mineral salts and other chemicals were purchased from Scharlab (Spain). GF/A and CG/C glass fibre filters were obtained from Whatman (GE Healthcare, USA). Table 1 (a) [32] , (b) [33] , (c) [34] (link), (d) [35] (link), (e) [36] (link)
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles
6
Analytical Reagents and Solvents for GC and HPLC
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Solvents for gas chromatography dichloromethane, methanol, hexane and diethyl ether (gas chromatography quality) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). ethanol was from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Acetone, methanol, formic acid, ethanol, acetonitrile and sulphuric acid solvents for high-performance liquid chromatography were of HPLC grade from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Water with resistance of 18.2 MΩ•cm at 25 °C was purified in a Milli-Q system from Millipore (Bedford, Germany).
Chemicals used for the analytical characterization were of analytical reagent grade and were supplied by Merck, Panreac, Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain), Lancaster (Eastgate, UK), Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), Oxford Chemicals (Hartlepool, UK), Fluka (Madrid, Spain), ChemService (West Chester, PA, USA), Extrasythèse (Genay, France) and SAFC (Steinheim, Germany). Purity of chemical standards is over 95% in all cases and most of them are over 99%. TSK Toyopearl gel HW-50F was purchased from Tosohaas (Montgomery-ville, PA, USA). [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]
Chemicals used for the analytical characterization were of analytical reagent grade and were supplied by Merck, Panreac, Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain), Lancaster (Eastgate, UK), Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), Oxford Chemicals (Hartlepool, UK), Fluka (Madrid, Spain), ChemService (West Chester, PA, USA), Extrasythèse (Genay, France) and SAFC (Steinheim, Germany). Purity of chemical standards is over 95% in all cases and most of them are over 99%. TSK Toyopearl gel HW-50F was purchased from Tosohaas (Montgomery-ville, PA, USA). [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]
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