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3 protocols using tnf α clone tn3 19

1

Phenotypic Characterization of CD8+ T Cells

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Red blood cell (RBC)-lysed blood and spleen samples were stained for 30 min at 4°C with mAb against the following molecules: CD44 (clone IM7, BD), CD127 (clone A7R34, Biolegend), KLRG1 (clone 2F1, BD), and CD8α (clone 53-6.7, eBioscience). H-2Db LT359 tetramers were provided by the NIH Tetramer Core Facility (Atlanta, GA). Samples were acquired on a LSRII instrument (BD Biosciences) and data analyzed using FlowJo software (TreeStar, Inc., Ashland, OR). For intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), cells were stimulated for 5 h with LT359-368 peptide (1 µM) in the presence of Golgiplug (BD Biosciences). Cells were surface stained, permeabilized and fixed using the Cytofix/Cytoperm kit (BD Biosciences), and stained with mAbs specific for IFN-γ (clone XMG1.2, eBioscience) and TNF-α (clone TN3-19.12, BD Biosciences). Nucleated cells from blood and spleen samples were counted with TC20™ automated cell counter (Bio-Rad). The number of LT359 tetramer+ CD8 T cells was calculated as the total number of nucleated cells × the percentage of specific subpopulation out of total population as determined by using FlowJo software.
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2

Serum Antibody and Cytokine Measurement

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Serum levels of anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies (Alpha Diagnostics International, San Antonio, TX, USA) were determined using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Serum inflammatory cytokines in mice sera were measured by sandwich-ELISA using capture antibodies against IL-1β (clone B122; eBioscience, Affymetrix Japan, Tokyo, Japan), IL-5 (clone TRFK5; eBioscience), IL-10 (clone JESS-16E3; eBioscience), IL-17A (clone 17CK15A5; eBioscience), IFN-γ (clone XMG1.2; eBioscience), TNF-α (clone TN3-19.12; BD Pharmingen), and biotinylated-detection antibodies against IL-1β (clone 13-7112-85; eBioscience), IL-5 (clone TRFK4; eBioscience), IL-10 (clone JESS-2A5; eBioscience), IL-17A (clone 17B7; eBoiscience), IFN-γ (clone R4-6A2; eBioscience), TNF-α (clone MP6-XT22; BD Pharmingen). All antibodies were diluted 1:1000 in PBS containing 10% fetal calf serum (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Tokyo, Japan). Biotinated antibodies were detected by HRP-conjugated avidin (Vector laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) and visualized by 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (Dako), where the reaction was stopped with 2 M H2O2. Microtitier plate reader (Vmax, Molecular Devices, Tokyo, Japan) at 450 nm was used to measure the optical densities.
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3

Tumor Immune Cell Profiling by Flow Cytometry

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Tumors were digested to prepare cell suspensions with collagenase and hyaluronidase solution. Then, the cell suspensions were filtered through a cell mesh (70 µm, BD Biosciences). The antibodies to CD45 (clone OX-1), CD3 (clone G4.18), CD4 (clone OX-35), CD8 (clone OX-8), NKR-P1A (clone 10/78), FoxP3 (clone FJK-16s), IFN-γ (clone DB-1), and TNF-α (clone TN3-19.12) were obtained from BD Biosciences. For intracellular cytokine staining, the harvested cells were stimulated with PMA (50 ng/mL) and ionomycin (500 ng/mL) for 4 hours and incubated for 1 hour with brefeldin A (10 µg/mL). Then, the cells were permeabilized using an Foxp3 Fixation and Permeabilization Kit (BD Bioscience). Subsequently, Foxp3, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were stained. Flow cytometric analysis was performed using the FACS flow cytometer (LSRFortessa X-20, BD). The data were analyzed by FloJo Data Analysis Software (V.10; Ashland, Oregon, USA).
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