Glycerin monostearate

Compritol^® 888 ATO, PEG-SA, soybean phosphatidylcholine (S100), oleic acid, glycerin monostearate, Lapa, DOX, dicoumarol (Di), MTT, DAPI, and DiR were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other organic reagents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).

TN was a gift from the Northeast Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Shenyang, People’s Republic of China). Injectable soybean lecithin (S75) was purchased from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Glycerin monostearate (GMS) and glycerol distearate (GDS) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) were obtained from the Beiya Medicated Oil Co., Ltd. (Tieling, People’s Republic of China). Cholesterol was provided by Nanjing Xinbai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, People’s Republic of China). mPEG₂₀₀₀-DSPE was supplied by Genzyme Corporation (Cambridge, MA, USA). All other reagents were of chromatographic grade.

Stearic acid (SA), glycerin monostearate (GMS), Soybean oil (SO), soybean lecithin (SL), fetal bovine serum (FBS), 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-2)-3,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), propidium iodide (PI) and coumarin-6 (Cou-6) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Irinotecan (I, purity ≥ 98.5%) and Quercetin (Q, purity ≥95%) was purchased from Aikon Biopharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). HT-29 cells and human normal colonic epithelial cells (NCM460 cells) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). BALB/c nude mice (6–8 weeks) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China) and CRC xenograft mice were generated by injecting HT-29 cells (1 × 10⁷ each) subcutaneously into the abdominal cavity of mice. The animal experiments have followed the guidance of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for the care and use of laboratory animals Publications and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Hebei the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (No. IACUC-4th Hos Hebmu-2021016).