Matlab v r2022a

Statistics and graphs were performed and built using SPSS v. 27 (IBM, Armonk, New York, United States of America) and MATLAB v. R2022a (MathWorks, Natick, United States of America). Descriptive results were based on mean values and the standard deviation (±). Participants were excluded from further analysis if the z-transformed values reached 2.5. Repeated measures mixed multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to show overall differences. The factors were group (Intervention and control), time (pre and post), mode (eccentric and concentric), and speed (30°/s and 60°/s). Post-hoc analysis was performed using repeated measures univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests for within group pre-post comparisons. The level of significance was set to α = 0.05. Further, to compare the morphology of the angle-torque and passive torque-angle trajectories, the interpolated curves were compared using SPM analysis. For this purpose, an ANOVA with repeated measures was chosen.

All fitting and statistical analyses were performed in MATLAB vR2022a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and R (http://www.R-project.org/); all mentions of MATLAB function calls are italicized. Hypothesis testing was performed using a significance level of 0.05. Data are reported as grand means [95% confidence interval, CI] computed from means of individual specimen means, unless stated otherwise. We use N to denote the number of individual specimens and n for number of trials.

MATLAB v.R2022a (MathWorks, Natick, USA) and SPSS v.27 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA) were used for statistics. Descriptive results were based on mean and standard deviation (±). Participants were excluded from further analysis if the data distribution showed outliers and z-transformed values exceeded 2.5. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to show main effects and interactions between different factors. For strength statistics, values are normalized to body mass and the factors were time (pre and post), mode (eccentric and concentric), and speed (30°/s, 60°/s and 180°/s). For flexibility parameters, the factors were time (pre and post) and test (aROM and pROM). For muscle parameters, the factor for statistical analysis were time (pre and post). Statistics were separated for the muscles.
For further post-hoc mean comparisons, paired t-tests were used. The p-value was set at 0.05. Differences between the torque-angle curves were calculated using SPM1d integrated in MATLAB.