Evc 4000

Manufactured by World Precision Instruments

Sourced in United States

The EVC 4000 is a laboratory instrument designed for the measurement and control of environmental variables. The device offers precise digital readings of parameters such as temperature, humidity, and pressure. It is intended for use in research and testing applications that require accurate monitoring of environmental conditions.

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Lab products found in correlation

Powerlab 4 30, by ADInstruments (1 mentions) Powerlab 4 25, by ADInstruments (1 mentions) Ussing chamber, by Physiologic Instruments (1 mentions)

6 protocols using evc 4000

Duodenal Epithelium's Electrical Properties

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Electrical parameters of the duodenal epithelium, i.e., potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (I_sc) and transepithelial resistance (TER) were used to assess changes in electrogenic ion transport and epithelial integrity^{1 (link)}. PD and I_sc were measured by two pairs of electrodes made of Ag/AgCl half-cells connecting to the Ussing chamber via salt bridges (3 M KCl in 3% agar). To measure PD, the electrodes were placed near the mounted epithelial sheet and connected to pre-amplifier (model EVC-4000, World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) and PowerLab 4/30 (ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). Another pair of electrodes was placed at the other side as far as possible from the mounted tissues to supply short-circuit current (I_sc), which equivalent to the total current due to electrogenic ion transport. I_sc measurement was performed using PowerLab 4/30 connected in series to the EVC-4000 current-generating unit and operated with Chart 5.2.2 for Mac OS X (ADInstruments). TER was calculated from Ohm’s equation.

Charoenphandhu N., Sooksawanwit S., Aeimlapa R., Thonapan N., Upanan P., Adulyaritthikul P., Krungchanuchat S., Panupinthu N., Teerapornpuntakit J., Rojviriya C., Lertsuwan K., Svasti S, & Wongdee K. (2022). Mild-intensity physical activity prevents cardiac and osseous iron deposition without affecting bone mechanical property or porosity in thalassemic mice. Scientific Reports, 12, 5959.

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Epithelial Monolayer Electrophysiology in Ussing Chambers

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Differentiated NuLi‐1 and CuFi‐1 epithelial monolayers were mounted in Ussing chambers (Physiological Instruments, San Diego, CA). The bathing Krebs solution was composed of 140 mmol/L NaCl, 5.2 mmol/L KCl, 0.8 mmol/L MgCl₂, 1.2 mmol/L CaCl₂, 0.4 mmol/L KH₂PO₄, 2.4 mmol/L K₂HPO₄, 25 mmol/L NaHCO₃, 10 mmol/L HEPES (free acid), and 10 mmol/L Glucose. Chambers were constantly gassed with a mixture of 95%O₂/5%CO₂ at 37°C, which maintained the pH at 7.4 and established a circulating perfusion within the Ussing chamber. The spontaneous transmembrane potential was measured and clamped to 0 mV by application of a short‐circuit current using a voltage clamp model amplifier (EVC 4000, World Precision Instrument, Sarasota, FL).

Al‐Alawi M., Buchanan P., Verriere V., Higgins G., McCabe O., Costello R.W., McNally P., Urbach V, & Harvey B.J. (2014). Physiological levels of lipoxin A4 inhibit ENaC and restore airway surface liquid height in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium. Physiological Reports, 2(8), e12093.

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Measuring Airway Epithelial Ion Transport

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Snapwell inserts carrying differentiated bronchial epithelia were mounted in a vertical chamber resembling an Ussing system with internal fluid circulation. Both apical and basolateral hemichambers were filled with 5 mL of Krebs bicarbonate solution containing (in mM): 126 NaCl, 0.38 KH₂PO₄, 2.13 K₂HPO₄, 1 MgSO₄, 1 CaCl₂, 24 NaHCO₃, and 10 glucose. Both sides were continuously bubbled with a gas mixture containing 5% CO₂ and 95% air, and the temperature of the solution was kept at 37 °C. The transepithelial voltage was short-circuited with a voltage clamp (EVC-4000; World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) connected to the apical and basolateral chambers via Ag/AgCl electrodes and agar bridges (1 M KCl in 2% agar). The offset between voltage electrodes and the fluid resistance was cancelled before experiments. The short-circuit current was recorded with a PowerLab 4/25 (ADInstruments, Dunedin, NewZealand) analog-to-digital converter connected to a computer.

Scudieri P., Musante I., Venturini A., Guidone D., Genovese M., Cresta F., Caci E., Palleschi A., Poeta M., Santamaria F., Ciciriello F., Lucidi V, & Galietta L.J. (2020). Ionocytes and CFTR Chloride Channel Expression in Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Nasal and Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cells, 9(9), 2090.

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Epithelial Ion Transport Alterations

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Immediately (0 h) and 18 h after the flavoring-vapor exposure, transwell inserts were placed into Ussing chambers to measure I_sc and R_t to assess alterations in epithelial ion transport due to flavoring exposure (Wu et al., 2004 (link)). Inserts were bathed in modified Krebs–Henseleit solution (MKHS) in both apical and basolateral chambers, maintained at 37 °C, and aerated with 95% O₂/5% CO₂. Cells were allowed to stabilize under open-circuit conditions before recording the transepithelial potential difference (V_t; −9.5 ± 1.6 mV) and applying a 0 mV voltage-clamp using an EVC 4000 automatic voltage/current amplifier (World Precision Instruments; Sarasota, FL). Square-wave voltage pulses (1 mV, 5 s) were delivered every 55 s to yield a voltage response for calculation of R_t from Ohm's law. After stabilization of baseline I_sc (11.9 ± 4.7 μA/cm²), the effects of apically-applied amiloride (3.5 × 10⁻⁵ M), apically-applied 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB; 10⁻⁴ M), and serosally-applied ouabain (10⁻⁴ M) to inhibit Na⁺ and Cl⁻ channels and the Na⁺,K⁺-pump, respectively, were examined.

Zaccone E.J., Goldsmith W.T., Shimko M.J., Wells J.R., Schwegler-Berry D., Willard P.A., Case S.L., Thompson J.A, & Fedan J.S. (2015). Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione exposure of human cultured airway epithelial cells: Ion transport effects and metabolism of butter flavoring agents. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 289(3), 542-549.

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Ussing Chamber Protocol for Intestinal Transport

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Ussing chamber experiments were performed as previously described (Chen et al., 2010). The jejunal mucosa was mounted between chambers with an exposed area of 0.625 cm². Parafilm “O” rings were used to minimize edge damage to the tissue where it was secured between the chamber halves. Transepithelial short‐circuit current (Isc; reported as µEq cm^–2 h^–1) was measured via an automatic voltage clamp (voltage–current clamp EVC‐4000; World Precision Instruments) After a 30 min measurement of basal parameters, the Gly‐Sar (20 mM) or control vehicle was added to the mucosa side of tissue in Ussing chambers. When the inhibitor was used, it was added to the serosal side, mucosa side and both sides of tissue at 30 min before the Gly‐Sar. Tissues were bathed with solutions containing HCO₃⁻ (solution composition in mM: 108 NaCl, 22 NaHCO₃, 3 KCl, 1.3 MgSO₄, 2 CaCl₂, 1.5 KH₂PO₄, 2 CaCl₂, 1.5 KH₂PO₄ and pH 7.4) in a 95% O₂ /5% CO₂ atmosphere.

Xu J., Zeug A., Riederer B., Yeruva S., Griesbeck O., Daniel H., Tuo B., Ponimaskin E., Dong H, & Seidler U. (2020). Calcium‐sensing receptor regulates intestinal dipeptide absorption via Ca2+ signaling and IKCa activation. Physiological Reports, 8(1), e14337.

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Transwell Cell Culture Ussing Chamber

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Transwell cell culture inserts were placed into Ussing chambers (Physiologic Instruments, San Diego, CA). Cells were bathed in modified Krebs‐Henseleit solution (MKHS, 113.0 mmol/L NaCl; 4.8 mmol/L KCl; 2.5 mmol/L CaCl₂; 1.2 mmol/L KH₂PO₄; 1.2 mmol/L MgSO₄; 25.0 mmol/L NaHCO₃; and 5.7 mmol/L glucose; pH 7.4; 37°C; gassed with 95% O₂, 5% CO₂) in both apical and basolateral hemi‐chambers. Cells were stabilized under open‐circuit conditions before applying a 0 mV voltage‐clamp using an automatic voltage/current amplifier (EVC 4000, World Precision Instruments or VCC MC8; Physiological Instruments). Short‐circuit current (I_sc) and R_t were monitored to investigate whether responses to agents were due to a change in transcellular as opposed to paracellular ion transport. This was done by delivering 5‐sec long, 1 mV pulses every 55 sec and calculating R_t using Ohm's law.

Shimko M.J., Zaccone E.J., Thompson J.A., Schwegler‐Berry D., Kashon M.L, & Fedan J.S. (2014). Nerve growth factor reduces amiloride‐sensitive Na+ transport in human airway epithelial cells. Physiological Reports, 2(7), e12073.

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