The CCH model used in this study was established according to the methods reported by Ni et al. (1995). Briefly, the left common carotid artery was separated under 10% chloral hydrate (3.5 mL/kg) anesthesia. The left carotid arteries were simultaneously doubly ligated with 4-0 suture (ETHICON, Norderstedt, Germany). The same method was used to ligate and cut the right carotid arteries. The sham-operated control rats received same surgical cut but without the carotid artery ligation.
4 0 suture
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Sourced in Germany, United States, China
The 4-0 suture is a surgical thread used for wound closure. It is made of a biocompatible material and is designed for precise and consistent stitching. The suture's core function is to securely connect tissue to facilitate healing.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using 4 0 suture
1
Carotid Artery Ligation Protocol
2
Spinal Cord Injury Transection in Rats
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Under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia (80/10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and aseptic conditions, animals underwent a dorsal incision and laminectomy at T8 , as previously described15 (link),16 (link). T9-level transections were performed with micro-scissors. Gel foam was inserted into the lesion site prior to closure of the dorsal muscle with 4–0 suture (Ethicon) and skin with wound clips (Mikrotek, 9 mm autoclip). After surgery, the rats receive daily manual bladder emptying 3/day until voiding reflexively. Pain medication (Meloxicam,1/day for 3 days); and antibiotics (Gentafuse, gentamiacin, SC, 1/day for 3 days; Penject, penicilin G, SC, 1/day for 3 days) were provided per our laboratories standard protocol15 (link),16 (link).
3
Rat Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Model
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Cerebral MCAO/R was performed in rats following a previously described method [17 (link)] with slight modification by the same skilled investigator. Briefly, the surgical procedure was performed under sterile conditions with autoclaved surgical instruments and materials. The rats were anesthetized using a face mask with 3.5% halothane and maintained with 1.0–2.0% halothane in 70% N2O and 30% O2. The common carotid artery, internal carotid artery (ICA), and external carotid artery (ECA) were carefully exposed. A 4-0 suture (Ethicon Inc., NJ, USA) was inserted into ICA through ECA and was gently pushed further to occlude the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Two h after MCA occlusion, reperfusion was achieved by careful suture removal. The incision was sewed after reperfusion was confirmed using a laser Doppler flowmeter. The rats in the sham group underwent the same surgical procedure without occlusion. To relieve pain and discomfort in the postoperative period, topical lidocaine gel was applied on the wound of rats. The cranial temperature and rectal temperature were maintained at 37 ± 0.5°C using a feedback-regulated water-heating system. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), pH, arterial blood gases, and blood glucose levels were monitored throughout surgery.
4
Rat Sciatic Nerve Adhesion Model
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Rat sciatic nerve adhesion model was established according to the report of Shintani et al.3 (link) After eight hours of fasting, the rats were anesthetized with 2.5% isoflurane. The rats were placed in the left decubitus position. Under surgical loupe (1.5×), a 3 cm longitudinal skin incision was performed at the right thigh starting from the ischial tuberosity using a sterile technique. The right sciatic nerve was exposed by the intermuscular space between the superficial gluteus and the biceps femoris. After the sciatic nerve was dissected from the surface of the biceps femoris and protected by a 1×1 cm rubber sheet, the biceps femoris was burned repeatedly by a bipolar coagulator (Hög frekvens, China); the length of the biceps femoris burned was 1 cm. After cooling, the nerve was placed in situ and the intermuscular space was sutured by 6–0 absorbable suture (Jinhuan Medical, China). The skin incision was closed with 4–0 suture (Ethicon, China). All the left sciatic nerves underwent sham surgery, which involved nerves alone but without the adhesion procedure. After surgery, the rats mobilized freely in an individual cage without external immobilization. At the designated time, the rats were euthanized with an excessive anesthetic.
5
Autologous Fat Grafting in Rats
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All subjects in the groups were anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar, Pfizer, NY) at a dose of 45 mg/kg and xylazine hydrochloride (Basilazin, Bavet, Germany) at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Ten minutes after the induction of anesthesia, the rats were placed propitiously, and the inguinal area was cleaned with povidone-iodine (Betadine10%, Mundipharma, Germany) and shaved to harvest the graft aseptically (►Fig. 1). Thereupon, the nape regions of rats were shaved (►Fig. 2). To attain the inguinal fat tissue, a 2 to 3 cm skin incision was made in the right groin parallel to the inguinal ligament and the inguinal adipofacial pad was found and dissected from the circumambient tissues (►Fig. 3). Epigastric inferior artery and vein attached to the fat pad were cauterized for hemostasis and fat pad was harvested (►Fig. 4). Adipose tissues taken as grafts weighted between 0.4 and 0.8 g. The surgical region was sutured with a 4/0 suture (Perma Hand, Ethicon Inc., NJ). The fat graft was positioned into the subcutaneous pocket prepared on the nape of the animal (►Fig. 5). The nape incision was sutured with 5/0 suture (Perma Hand®, Ethicon Inc.) (►Fig. 6). The incisions were dressed with OpSite ® spray (Smith & Nephew, UK).
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