Sunflower oil (Solesta, Aldi, Fermoy, Ireland), purchased in a local supermarket, was used as oil phase for preparation of double emulsions (DEs). The lipophilic emulsifier used to stabilize the colloidal emulsions, polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), was supplied by Danisco (Copenhagen, Denmark), while whey protein isolates (WPI), used as hydrophilic emulsifiers in outer aqueous phase and consisted of 95% β-lactoglobulin, were from Davisco Foods International (Le Sueur, MN, USA). Maltodextrins with average dextrose equivalent values of 10 and 21 (MDE 10 and MDE 21) were obtained from Grain Processing Corporation (Muscatine, IA, USA). Deionised water was used for preparation of solutions. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate and formic acid were supplied by Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia), while ethanol was from Carlo-Erba (Peypin, France); all chemicals were of analytical grade. Gallic acid and HPLC standards, ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt], DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), Trolox (6-hydroxy--2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid), and Nile blue were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetonitrile and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased from J.T.Baker (Deventer, the Netherlands).
Sodium carbonate
Manufactured by Kemika
Sourced in Croatia, United States
Sodium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2CO3. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used as a water softener and pH regulator in various industrial and household applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Kemika (12 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Kemika (7 mentions)
Copper 2 chloride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (7 mentions)
Methanol, by Kemika (6 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
2 4 6 tri 2 pyridyl s triazine tptz, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Neocuproine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Orthophosphoric acid hplc grade 85, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Myrtenol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Kemika (4 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Cyanidin 3 glucoside, by Extrasynthese (4 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Kemika (3 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Kemika (3 mentions)
Caffeic, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chlorogenic, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
19 protocols using sodium carbonate
1
Development of Stable Sunflower Oil Emulsions
2
Comprehensive Analytical Standards for Lipid and Phytochemical Analysis
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All standards of fatty acid methyl esters were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol, n-hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, potassium iodide, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, starch, concentrated sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acid (37%) were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Anhydrous sodium sulphate and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Sodium and potassium hydroxides in the form of pellets, chloroform and analytical standards (dihydrocholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, eicosanol, docosanol, tricosanol, tetracosanol, pentacosanol, hexacosanol, heptacosanol, octacosanol, squalene and (±)-α-tocopherol) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol and a silylating mixture according to Sweeley were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland).
Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, lutein and apigenin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Caffeic acid and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard stock solutions of each compound were 1 mg/mL in Methanol.
All mineral standards were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and diluted to the appropriate obtained concentration.
All standards stored at +4 °C in amber vials and in a dark place until analysis.
Sodium and potassium hydroxides in the form of pellets, chloroform and analytical standards (dihydrocholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, eicosanol, docosanol, tricosanol, tetracosanol, pentacosanol, hexacosanol, heptacosanol, octacosanol, squalene and (±)-α-tocopherol) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol and a silylating mixture according to Sweeley were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland).
Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, lutein and apigenin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Caffeic acid and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard stock solutions of each compound were 1 mg/mL in Methanol.
All mineral standards were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and diluted to the appropriate obtained concentration.
All standards stored at +4 °C in amber vials and in a dark place until analysis.
3
Quantification of Total Phenols in Oils
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Total phenols were extracted from oil diluted with Hexane by liquid-liquid extraction with methanol/water (60:40, V/V) according to the method of Gutfinger (21 (link)). The content of total phenols was estimated based on the phenol reaction with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate, and measurement of absorbance at 725 nm with spectrophotometer (Carry UV/Vis 50; Varian Inc., Harbor City, CA, USA). caffeic acid was used as reference for the calibration curve and expression of results (mg caffeic acid per kg of oil). Hexane of analytical quality, methanol of spectrophotometric grade and caffeic acid (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck (Steinheim, Germany), and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate of analytical quality were obtained from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Grade 2 water was obtained from Elix 3 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
4
Antioxidant Potential of Protein Matrices
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Almond protein matrix was purchased from Raab Vitalfood GmbH (Rohrbach, Germany) and brown rice protein matrix was from Kernnel premium (Zagreb, Croatia). Quercetin, trolox and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate was obtained from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Neocuproine, copper (II) chloride and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade > 85%) was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK), while methanol (HPLC grade) was purchased from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands). Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, ethanol, sodium acetate and ammonium acetate were purchased from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia).
5
Antioxidant Activity Evaluation Protocol
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Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and sodium carbonate were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid) was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Gallic acid (3,4,5- -trihydroxybenzoic acid) and 1,1-dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, Merck (Steinheim, Germany), methanol was obtained from J.T.Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) and glycerol (85%) from a local pharmacy (Gradska ljekarna Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia).
6
Tart Cherry Jam Preparation
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Tart cherries were purchased at a local market, pits were removed, and flesh was used for the preparation of jams. The following chemicals were used: Potassium chloride, sodium acetate, hydrochloric acid, methanol, sodium carbonate, sodium bisulfite, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Trolox, 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
7
Antioxidant Evaluation of Citrus Fibers
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Hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, methanol, sodium carbonate, iron chloride, ammonium acetate and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from the manufacturer Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Trolox was purchased from Sigma (Darmstadt, Germany). 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiozolinesulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Fluka (Darmstadt, Germany). 2,4,6,-tri (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), gallic acid, procyanidin B2 and myrtenol were purchased from Sigma, Germany. Neocuproine and copper chloride are products of Gram-mol Zagreb, Croatia). Sucrose was purchased from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia), and maltose and trehalose were obtained from Hayashibara doo (Nagase group, Tokyo, Japan). Citrus fibers were obtained from Biesterfeld AG (Zagreb, Croatia).
8
Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Pectin and Apple Fiber
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The apple fiber powder was supplied by Biesterfeld AG (Zagreb, Croatia) and both types of pectin were the product of CP Kelco (Atlanta, GA, USA). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), trolox, 4-(dimethylamino)-cinnamaldehyde (DMAC), chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, gallic and ellagic acids, rutin, quercetin, phloretin and phlorizin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The α-glucosidase (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and acarbose were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was from BDH Prolabo (Poole, UK). Potassium persulfate, Folin-Chiocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate were obtained from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Neocuproine, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) and copper (II) chloride were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Methanol (HPLC grade) was from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands) and orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade > 85%) was from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, sodium acetate, ethanol, ammonium acetate and starch were bought from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia). Cyanidin 3-glucoside was from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).
9
Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Apple Fibers
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Apple fibers were obtained from Biesterfeld AG (Zagreb, Croatia). 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 4-(dimethylamino)-cinnamaldehyde (DMAC), trolox, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), rutin, quercetin, phloretin, phlorizin, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, gallic, ellagic acids, myrtenol and α-amylase (from the porcine pancreas) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium persulfate, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Neocuproine, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) and copper (II) chloride were bought from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Methanol (HPLC grade) was from J.T. Baker (Deventer, Netherlands) and orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade > 85%) was from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, sodium acetate, ethanol, ammonium acetate and starch were bought from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia). Cyanidin 3-glucoside was from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany).
10
Citrus Fiber Antioxidant Potential Analysis
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Citrus fiber (76.1% of dietary fiber, while the rest are proteins—7%, sugars—7.2%, fats—0.77%, minerals—3.06%, and moisture—5.85%) was obtained from Fiberstar (River Falls, WI, USA). Potassium persulfate and sodium carbonate were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Neocuproine, hesperidin, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) and copper (II) chloride were bought from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Trolox, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 4-(dimethylamino)-cinnamaldehyde (DMAC), quercetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, gallic acid and ellagic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cyanidin 3-glucoside was from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Methanol (HPLC grade) was from J.T. Baker (Deventer, Netherlands), and orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade > 85%) was from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, sodium acetate, ethanol, ammonium acetate and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were bought from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia).
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