Ethanol, dichloromethane and diethyl ether were purchased from Fisher Scientific (UK). Aqueous electrophoresis. Zeta potentials for diblock copolymer nanoparticles were analyzed using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument equipped with a 4 mW He-Ne laser (λ = 633 nm) operating at a fixed scattering angle of 173°. Samples were diluted to 0.1% w/w using 1 mM KCl, with either dilute NaOH or HCl being used for pH adjustment as required. Zeta potentials were calculated from the Henry equation using the Smoluchowski approximation.
Centrifugation. Centrifugation of BSA functionalized vesicles was conducted using a Thermo Heraeus Biofuge Pico centrifuge.