Anhydrous ethylene glycol

Bare samples measuring 1 in. × 1 in. were machined from 5 mm thick wrought AA2024-T3 sheets bought from Online Metals. The cut samples underwent sonication in 97% isopropyl alcohol and then in deionized water, each lasting 5 min. Subsequently, the samples were air-dried, baked at 95 °C for 120 min, and left in an oven overnight. The cleaned samples were then stored in a petri dish sealed with parafilm for later use.
Low-molecular-weight, narrowly dispersed PS flakes (Mn 8000, Mw 8800) were purchased from Polymer Source Inc. (product ID 8096-S, Dorval, Canada). Technical-grade acetone of 94% purity was purchased from Sunnyside Corp. (Wheeling, IL, USA). A PS/acetone solution comprising 200 mg of the PS flakes dissolved in 2.28 mL of technical-grade acetone was prepared, resulting in a nominal PS concentration of 10%. APTES with a purity of ≥ 98% was purchased from Millipore Sigma and used without further purification. Milli-Q deionized water and anhydrous ethylene glycol with 99.8% purity (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for surface contact angle measurements. For EIS measurements and subsequent in-cell corrosion, a fresh 3.5% NaCl solution was prepared from in-house deionized water and oven-dried, non-iodized, non-fluorinated food-grade NaCl.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), PHBHV, with 12 mol % of hydroxyvalerate was purchased from Goodfellow. PHBHV was first purified by dissolution in dichloromethane overnight (10% w/v) and precipitated in petroleum ether for removing citric ester used as plasticizer. 2,2-dimethyl-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) was provided by BASF. Anhydrous ethylene glycol (>99.8%), allyl isocyanate (98%), linalool (97%), dibutyltin dilaurate (>95%) (DBTL), trimethylpropane tris-(3-mercaptopropionate (>95%) (TriSH) and pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate) > 95% (TetraSH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint louis, MO, USA). Dichloromethane (>99.8%) and chloroform (SDS, analytical grade) were dried over CaCl₂, petroleum ether (>98%), acetone, n-pentane, and ethyl acetate were used as received.

All chemicals were used as received unless otherwise noted. Lead oxide (PbO, 99.999%), lead iodide (PbI₂, 99.9985%) and selenium shot (99.999%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Oleic acid (OA, technical grade, 90%), diphenylphosphine (DPP, 98%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), anhydrous ethylene glycol (EG, 99.8%), anhydrous acetonitrile (99.99%), anhydrous hexanes (99%), anhydrous toluene (99.8%), 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTMS, 95%), trimethylaluminum (TMA, 97%), ammonium thiocyanate (NH₄SCN, 99.99%) and anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.9%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Anhydrous 1,2-ethylenediamine (EDA, > 98.0%) was purchased from TCI. Trioctylphosphine (TOP, technical grade, >90%) was acquired from Fluka and mixed with selenium shot for 24 h to form a 1 M TOP-Se stock solution. 18.2 MΩ water (Milli-Q Gradient) was used for substrate cleaning and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Water for ALD was degassed with three freeze-pump-thaw cycles before use.

Silver nitrate (99%+), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, M_w ∼ 55 000), polystyrene (PS, M_w ∼ 192 000) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, M_w ∼ 120 000), anhydrous ethylene glycol (EG, 99.8%), sodium chloride (99%+), sodium sulfide (98%+), and mineral oil (heavy) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as obtained. Ethanol (95%) was obtained from Commercial Alcohols and used without further purification. Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.0%) was purchased through Caledon. Chloroform (99.5%+) was purchased through Alfa Aesar. Acetone (99.5%+) and methanol (99.8%+) were purchased from VWR International. Poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP, M_w 200 000–400 000) was purchased from Polysciences Inc. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC, powder) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids and used as obtained.

Anhydrous Ethylene glycol (EG) 99.8%, Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₂.6H₂O) ≥ 99%, and anhydrous Sodium acetate ≥ 99% (NaAc), and branched Polyethyleneimine PEI with average molecular weight (M.W.) 25 kDa were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. HEK 293T cells (human embryonic kidney cells) were purchased from ATCC (ATCC CRL-11268), Minimum Essential Medium (MEM), Fetal Calf Serum (FCS), Penicillin/Streptomycin, PBS, Lipofectamine 2000, and DAPI were purchased from Thermofisher. Zombie Aqua was purchased from Biolegend. We used Milli-Q water with the resistivity of 18.2 MΩ from the Millipore Milli-Q Advantage A10 purification system in all experiments.
Magnet: The magnet, made of neodymium (rare earth) with a diameter of 10 cm and a thickness of 10 cm, was purchased from Applied Magnets (Plano, TX, USA).

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, M_w 130,000 g mol⁻¹) with a 99% hydrolysis, chitosan of low molecular weight and 75–85% deacetylation degree (CHI), and a 25% solution of glutaraldehyde (GLU) were provided by Sigma Aldrich, Bogotá, Colombia. Lactic acid (LA) was purchased at Fermont (Bogotá-Colombia), hydrochloric acid (HA) at Scharlau (Bogotá, Colombia), anhydrous ethylene glycol (99.8%) and diiodomethane (99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA), and sodium ampicillin (AMP) was produced by Farmalógica, S.A. (Bogotá-Colombia) and donated to this research by The Hospital Cardiovascular del Niño de Cundinamarca (Soacha, Colombia). All of the reagents were used as they were received.

In the course of the experimental work, a range of reagents was employed, primarily purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, unless otherwise specified. These included extra-pure glycerol (with a 99.88% assay grade) from Fischer Chemical and propylene carbonate (with a purity of 99%), generously provided by UBE Corporation Europe (Madrid, Spain), in its synthetic-grade form. The chemicals used for the basic catalyst were potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) and raw Tunisian clay. The clay was impregnated and subsequently calcined for catalyst preparation. To calibrate the HPLC analysis, the following materials were utilized: glycerol carbonate (with a purity of ≥99.5%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), HPLC-grade methanol (with a test grade and a purity of 99.99%) from Scharlau Chemie SL (Barcelona, Spain), and anhydrous ethylene glycol (with a purity of 99.8%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Additionally, citric acid ACS reagent (with a purity of ≥99.5%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was employed as an internal standard for ion exclusion HPLC.