md 2200, by Bioanalytical Systems - Product details

1

In Vivo Microdialysis Evaluation of LTG

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The microdialysis system consisted of a microdialysis syringe (1 mL, MDN-0100; BASi, Mt Vernon, IN, USA), a Bee syringe pump, and a fraction collector (CULEX fraction collector; BASi). Commercially available microdialysis probes (MD-2200; BASi) with membrane lengths of 5 and 2 mm were used for plasma and hippocampus sampling, respectively.
In vivo recovery was evaluated using a retrodialysis method, which measured the loss (extraction ratio) of LTG via the probe.23 (link) Microdialysis probes were implanted for plasma and hippocampus sampling as described in the “LTG concentration in plasma sampled by microdialysis” and “LTG concentration in the hippocampus sampled by microdialysis” sections; 1 μg/mL and 25 ng/mL of LTG were flushed via the blood probe and brain probe, respectively. The perfusate (Cperf) and dialysate (Cdial) concentrations of LTG were determined using HPLC and UPLC–mass spectrometry (MS). In vivo relative recovery (Rdial) of LTG across the microdialysis probe was calculated by the following equation: Rdial = (Cperf − Cdial)/Cperf.

Yu A., Lv J., Yuan F., Xia Z., Fan K., Chen G., Ren J., Lin C., Wei S, & Yang F. (2017). mPEG-PLA/TPGS mixed micelles via intranasal administration improved the bioavailability of lamotrigine in the hippocampus. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 12, 8353-8362.

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2

Microdialysis of Dopamine in Nucleus Accumbens

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Microdialysis probes (MD-2200, BASI) were stereotactically inserted into the NAc and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) composed of either 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl, 1.4 mM CaCl₂, and 0.8 mM MgCl₂ in 10 mM phosphate buffer alone or, additionally, with either 10 nM naltrindole or a combination of 10 μM hexamethonium and 10 μM scopolamine (3.0 μl/min). Samples were collected every 20 min for 4 h with MStim occurring after the first 2 h. Samples were analyzed using a HPLC pump (Ultimate 3000, Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and electrochemical detector (Coulochem III, ESA). The detector included a guard cell (5020, ESA) set at +270 mV, a screen electrode (5014B, ESA) set at −100 mV, and a detection electrode (5014B, ESA) set at +220 mV. Dopamine was separated using a C18 reverse phase column (HR-80, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Mobile phase included 75 mM H₂NaO₄P, 1.7 mM sodium octane sulfonate, 25 μM EDTA, 0.714 mM triethylamine, and 10% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min.

Bills K.B., Obray J.D., Clarke T., Parsons M., Brundage J., Yang C.H., Kim H.Y., Yorgason J.T., Blotter J.D, & Steffensen S.C. (2019). Mechanical stimulation of cervical vertebrae modulates the discharge activity of ventral tegmental area neurons and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Brain stimulation, 13(2), 403-411.

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3

Stereotaxic Implantation of Bilateral Insular and Basal Forebrain Cannulae

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Animals were anaesthetized with intra-parenchymal (i.p.) injections of ketamine (70 mg/kg) and xylazine (6 mg/kg) and submitted to standard stereotaxic procedures. One set of rats was implanted with a single 23 gauge stainless steel cannula aimed at 2 mm above the left insular cortex (1.2 mm anterior, 5.5 mm lateral and 3 mm ventral to Bregma; injector protruded 3 mm from the cannula) and a microdialysis guide cannula with an infusion tube (BASi MD 2262) in the right IC (corresponding coordinates for opposite side, and 4.9 mm ventral to Bregma; probe protruded 2 mm from the cannula) [46] (Fig. 1A). Another set of rats was implanted with two (bilateral) stainless steel cannulae aimed at 2.5 mm above the NBM (1.5 mm posterior, 2.5 mm lateral and 4.9 mm ventral to Bregma; injectors protruded 2.5 mm from the cannulae) and one microdialysis guide cannula (BASi MD 2200) in the right IC (coordinates above) (Paxinos and Watson, 2004) (Fig. 1B). The infusion cannulae and microdialysis guide cannula were fixed to the skull with two surgical screws and dental acrylic cement. Stylets were inserted into the guide cannulae to prevent clogging.

Purón-Sierra L, & Miranda M.I. (2014). Histaminergic Modulation of Cholinergic Release from the Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis into Insular Cortex during Taste Aversive Memory Formation. PLoS ONE, 9(3), e91120.

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4

In Vivo Dopamine Measurement via Microdialysis

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Microdialysis probes (MD-2200, BASI) were stereotactically inserted into the NAc (+1.6 AP, +1.9 ML, −8.0 DV) of 7 rats per group. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; pH ~7.4 and osmolarity of 300–310 mOSm) composed of 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl, 1.4 mM CaCl₂, and 0.8 mM MgCl₂ in 10 mM phosphate buffer was perfused through the probe at a rate of 3.0 µL/min. Samples were collected every 20 min for 4 h with reinstatement does of ethanol (2.5 mg/kg; IP) occurring after the first 2 h had elapsed. Determination of the DA concentration in microdialysis samples was performed using a HPLC pump (Ultimate 3000, Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) connected to an electrochemical detector (Coulochem III, ESA). The detector included a guard cell (5020, ESA) set at +270 mV, a screen electrode (5014B, ESA) set at −100 mV, and a detection electrode (5014B, ESA) set at +220 mV. Dopamine was separated using a C18 reverse phase column (HR-80, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Mobile phase containing 75 mM H₂NaO₄P, 1.7 mM sodium octane sulfonate, 25 µM EDTA, 0.714 mM triethylamine, and 10% acetonitrile was pumped through the system at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.

Bills K.B., Otteson D.Z., Jones G.C., Brundage J.N., Baldwin E.K., Small C.A., Kim H.Y., Yorgason J.T., Blotter J.D, & Steffensen S.C. (2022). Mechanical Stimulation Alters Chronic Ethanol-Induced Changes to VTA GABA Neurons, NAc DA Release and Measures of Withdrawal. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(20), 12630.

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5

Microdialysis of Dopamine in Nucleus Accumbens

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Microdialysis probes (MD-2200, BASI) were stereotactically inserted into the NAc and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) composed of either 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl, 1.4 mM CaCl₂, and 0.8 mM MgCl₂ in 10 mM phosphate buffer alone or, additionally, with either 10 nM naltrindole or a combination of 10 μM hexamethonium and 10 μM scopolamine (3.0 μl/min). Samples were collected every 20 min for 4 h with MStim occurring after the first 2 h. Samples were analyzed using a HPLC pump (Ultimate 3000, Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and electrochemical detector (Coulochem III, ESA). The detector included a guard cell (5020, ESA) set at +270 mV, a screen electrode (5014B, ESA) set at −100 mV, and a detection electrode (5014B, ESA) set at +220 mV. Dopamine was separated using a C18 reverse phase column (HR-80, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Mobile phase included 75 mM H₂NaO₄P, 1.7 mM sodium octane sulfonate, 25 μM EDTA, 0.714 mM triethylamine, and 10% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min.

Bills K.B., Obray J.D., Clarke T., Parsons M., Brundage J., Yang C.H., Kim H.Y., Yorgason J.T., Blotter J.D, & Steffensen S.C. (2019). Mechanical stimulation of cervical vertebrae modulates the discharge activity of ventral tegmental area neurons and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Brain stimulation, 13(2), 403-411.

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Md 2200

Lab products found in correlation

5 protocols using md 2200

In Vivo Microdialysis Evaluation of LTG

Microdialysis of Dopamine in Nucleus Accumbens

Stereotaxic Implantation of Bilateral Insular and Basal Forebrain Cannulae

In Vivo Dopamine Measurement via Microdialysis

Microdialysis of Dopamine in Nucleus Accumbens

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