Total superoxide dismutase sod

Kadsura coccinea fruit was collected from a research farm in Guangxi, China. Monosaccharide standards and dextrans with different molecular weights were purchased from the National Institute for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), taurocholic acid (TCA) and glycocholic acid (GCA) were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), pancreatin and cholestyramine resin were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). High-fat chow and regular chow were purchased from Beijing Keaoxieli Feedstuff Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Assay kits for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were obtained from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). All other reagents used in the present study were of analytical grade.

Candida utilis was purchased from the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (No. DSM 2361). Total superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity, aminotransferase aspartate, alanine aminotransferase, glutathione peroxidase, glucose, total cholesterol, total protein, trypsin, amylase, and lipase were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Rabbit-actin, occludin, ZO-1, β-defensin-2, and goat-rabbit all purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, America). Seal fluid and developer were purchased from Millipore. AMV First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit was purchased from Shanghai Bioengineering (Shanghai, China). SYBR^® Green PCR Kit and PowerFecal DNA Isolation Kit was purchased from Germany Qiagen reagent company (Dusseldorf, Germany).

The flat-European hybrid hazel leaves were harvested from 7-year-old hybrid hazel trees of local orchard in Jilin Province, China. HPLC-grade acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Leucine enkephalin (LE) was supplied by Waters (Milford, USA). All the ultrapure water was prepared with a MilliQ plus water system (Milford, USA).
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were purchased from Shanghai Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). Mouse mononuclear macrophages RAW264.7 were purchased from Guangzhou Saiku Biological (Guangzhou, China). DMEM high sugar medium, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-Tripyridyltriazine (TPTZ), (+)-Catechin, Gallic acid, Vitamin C, and 6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biological (Shanghai, China). Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit, Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit, and Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit were obtained from Boster Biological Technology (Wuhai, China). Nitrogen monoxide (NO), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Total Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering (Nanjing, China).