nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was recorded using
a Bruker Avance (400 MHz magnet, Bruker, Germany). Fourier transform
infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded on an FT/IR-6300 Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometer (Jasco, Japan). Gel permeation chromatography
(GPC) was carried out on a Breeze System (Waters) with a series of
four Water Ultrahydrogel columns (Linear, 120, 250, and 500), a Waters
2414 Refractive Index detector, and a Waters 1525 Binary pump; mobile
phase: 0.02 N sodium nitrate in water at 30 °C, calibrated with
a poly(ethylene glycol) standard to determine the representative molecular
weight of PVIm-NH2. The fluorescence experiments were performed
on an FP-6500 spectrofluorometer (Jasco, Japan) using a quartz cuvette
with a 1 cm path length.