No kits

The IPEC-J2 cell monolayers seeded into 12-well plates were preincubated with sterile PBS, Lac16 (MOI = 100) or BaSC06 (MOI = 100, positive control) with 3 wells per group for 12 h. After washing with sterile PBS for 3 times to remove bacteria, the treated IPEC-J2 cells were then treated with LPS (40 µg/mL) for another 12 h. After capturing using Leica DMIRB, the supernatant of the treated cells was then collected to analysis the release of LDH and NO from cells using LDH kits (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) and NO kits (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After washing with sterile PBS 3 times, the cells were collected by RNAiso Plus for total RNA extraction and qPCR. The primers of IPEC-J2 cells are shown in Table S2. Fold changes were calculated after normalizing to two housekeeping genes (β-actin and GAPDH) using the 2^−ΔΔCt method.

Dendrobium officinale was purchased from Longanba Green Spring Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. (Guiding, China). The samples were dried at 60 °C, crushed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve and set aside.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae FBKL2.8022 (Sc) and Wickerhamomyces anomalous FBKL2.8023 (Wa) were derived from the Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province. The CCTCC NO. was M2019406 and M2019412, respectively [13 (link)]. Monosaccharide standards were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), including mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose. Amyloglucosidase and anhydrous D-glucose were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). NO kits were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 ELISA kits were purchased from Shanghai Jianglai Biological Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The relative Mw of polysaccharides was calculated according to calibration curves of the dextran standards purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow (DEAE-QFF) and Sephacryl S-300 HR were purchased from GE Healthcare. A G4000SWXL column (7.8 × 300 mm, Tosoh Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used. The other chemicals and reagents were analytical grade.

PDGF-BB was purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA) and dissolved in 4 mM HCl containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). FA (purity greater than 99%) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 200 mM and stored at 4 ℃. The final concentration of DMSO was less than 0.1% [v/v] in all of the experiments. NO kits (catalog no. S0021) were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was supplied by Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Primary antibodies against endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), p-eNos, p21^CIP1, p27^Kip1, Cyclin D1, CDK4, CyclinE, CDK2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and β-actin and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. PI3K, p-PI3K was purchased from abcam(UK)and AKT, p-AKT was purchased from proteintech(USA).