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2 protocols using phospho tbk1 ser172

1

Antibody Validation and Phosphorylation Assays

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Commercially available antibodies used for this study include mouse monoclonal FLAG M2 antibody (1:5000) (Sigma); rabbit polyclonal V5 antibody (1:5000) (Thermo Fisher); mouse monoclonal V5 (1:5000), β-actin (1:5000), and TBK1 antibody (1:1000) (Abcam); Phospho-TBK1 (Ser172) (1:1000), Phospho-IRF3 (Ser396) (1:1000), Ku80 (1:1000), cGAS (D1D3G) (1:1000), and STING (D2P2F) antibody (1:1000) (Cell Signaling); GAPDH (6C5) (1:1000), VDAC1 (B-6) (1:1000), and IRF3 antibody (FL-425) (1:1000) (Santa Cruz); DNA-PKcs (1:1000) and Ku70 antibody (1:1000) (NeoMarkers); and phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) antibody (1:1000) (Millipore).
Rabbit polyclonal anti-cGAS pT68 and pS213 antibodies were generated by GenScript Company (NJ, USA) and used at 1:500 dilution. Rabbit polyclonal anti-MAVS antibody was generated in the laboratory and used at 1:1000 dilution48 (link).
Nu7441 (Selleck Chemical), Nu7026 (MedChemExpress), Herring testis (HT)-DNA (Sigma-Aldrich), poly I:C (InvivoGen), 2’,3’-cGAMP (InvivoGen), streptavidin agarose (Thermo Fisher), Ni-NTA His-Bind Resin (Novagen), and Malachite Green Phosphate Detection Kit (Cell Signaling) were used according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Biotin-labeled ISD-45 DNA was ordered from IDT. [α-P32]-ATP was ordered from Perkin Elmer. Lipofectamine 2000 was purchased from Invitrogen.
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2

Protein Analysis Protocol for STING Pathway

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For protein analysis, cells were lysed in RIPA lysis buffer and processed for protein loading as previously published[9 (link)]. The following primary antibodies were used to detect specific proteins: Gal1 (Cat: ab138513, Abcam), phospho-STING (Cat: 72971), phospho-TBK1 (ser172, Cat: 5483), STING (Cat:13647), TBK1 (Cat: 3504), IRF-3 (Cat: 4302, RRID: AB_1904036), phospho-IRF-3 (Cat: 29047, RRID: AB_2773013), RelA/p65 (NF-κB (Cat: 8242), phospho-NF-κB (RelA/p65, Cat:3033), NF-κB1 p105/p50 (Cat: 3035), NF-κB2 p100/p52 (Cat: 4882) from Cell Signaling Technologies, and β-Actin (1:5000; Cat: sc-47778 HRP, Santa Cruz Biotechnologies). Secondary antibodies used in this study were HRP-conjugated Donkey anti-Goat IgG (H+L) (1:5000-1:10,000; Cat: A15999 Invitrogen), HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (1:5000; Cat: 7074 Cell Signaling Technologies). Immunoblots were developed with Pierce West Pico (Cat: 35060; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and visualized with ChemiDoc XRS imaging system equipped with Image Lab Software (RRID: SCR_008426; Bio-Rad Laboratories). In each case, experiments were carried out in triplicate and a representative blot is shown unless otherwise stated. Blot densitometry quantification was done using ImageJ (RRID: SCR_003070)
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