For protein analysis, cells were lysed in RIPA lysis buffer and processed for protein loading as previously published[9 (
link)]. The following primary antibodies were used to detect specific proteins:
Gal1 (Cat: ab138513, Abcam), phospho-
STING (Cat: 72971),
phospho-TBK1 (ser172, Cat: 5483),
STING (Cat:13647), TBK1 (Cat: 3504), IRF-3 (Cat: 4302, RRID: AB_1904036),
phospho-IRF-3 (Cat: 29047, RRID: AB_2773013),
RelA/p65 (NF-κB (Cat: 8242), phospho-NF-κB (RelA/p65, Cat:3033),
NF-κB1 p105/p50 (Cat: 3035),
NF-κB2 p100/p52 (Cat: 4882) from Cell Signaling Technologies, and
β-Actin (1:5000; Cat: sc-47778 HRP, Santa Cruz Biotechnologies). Secondary antibodies used in this study were HRP-conjugated Donkey anti-Goat IgG (H+L) (1:5000-1:10,000; Cat: A15999 Invitrogen),
HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (1:5000; Cat: 7074 Cell Signaling Technologies). Immunoblots were developed with Pierce West Pico (Cat: 35060; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and visualized with
ChemiDoc XRS imaging system equipped with
Image Lab Software (RRID: SCR_008426; Bio-Rad Laboratories). In each case, experiments were carried out in triplicate and a representative blot is shown unless otherwise stated. Blot densitometry quantification was done using ImageJ (RRID: SCR_003070)
Rørvik L.M., Aase B., Alvestad T, & Caugant D.A. (2000). Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Listeria monocytogenes in Seafoods and Seafood-Processing Plants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(11), 4779-4784.