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6 protocols using amberlite ira 402

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Chelating Resins

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To carry out the experimental part of this paper, the following chemicals were used: DR 23 (7-[[6-[(4-acetamidophenyl)diazenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-sulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl] carbamoylamino]-4-hydroxy-3-phenyldiazenylnaphthalene-2-sulfonate) 30% dye content, strongly basic anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA 402, 50 mesh, in Cl form, and Amberlite XAD7HP 20–60 mesh were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. CRM solutions of 1000 mg/L Ni(NO3)2, Cd(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2 and Cu(NO3)2 and 37 % HCl and 50% NaOH (Merck) were used for testing the chelating resins. Methanol with purity ≥ 99.9% for HPLC (MeOH) Honeywell and ethanol (EtOH) (Merck) were used in regeneration studies of the chelating resins.
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2

Complexation of Heavy Metals Using Maize Stalk

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All chemicals used here are of analytical grade. A styrene-divinylbenzene matrix with quaternary ammonium functional group in Cl form, specifically Amberlite IRA 402 (Cl), was employed to obtain complexing resin with IC (Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA). The complexing agent, indigo-5,5′-disulfonic acid disodium salt, 37% HCl, and certified reference materials (MRC) consisting of 1000 mg/L Cu(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, and Ni(NO3)2 were purchased from Merck (Lowe, NJ, USA). Maize stalk was collected at maturity and processed for application in batch experimental studies. The same procedures as presented in previous studies [7 (link)] regarding collecting, shredding, purification, and activation were applied to the obtained shredded maize stalk with a particle size of 1 mm.
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3

Comprehensive Reagent Acquisition Protocol

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All reagents and solvents (ethanol, methanol, glacial acetyl acid, sodium hydroxide, formic acid, ammonium hydroxide, triethylamine, ʟ−alanine, ʟ−proline, ʟ−leucine, ʟ−phenylalanine, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), potassium persulfate, gallic acid, Amberlite XAD-7, Amberlite IRA-402, and silica functionalized with C18 groups) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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4

Preparation and Characterization of Ion Exchange Membranes

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Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, 14%), sodium hydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2∙2H2O), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4∙7H2O), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3), potassium nitrate (KNO3), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2∙6H2O), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4∙2H2O), boric acid (H3BO3, 0.5%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%), and chloride acid (HCl, 0.1 M) were purchased from Scharlab S.L., Barcelona, Spain. The ultrapure water (Milli-Q) used in the experiments was obtained from Millipore, Molsheim, France, equipment (conductivity less than 0.055 µS cm−1).
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Mw 112,000 g mol−1) was supplied by ATOCHEM, Madrid, Spain. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was purchased from Scharlab S.L. Amberlite® IRA-402 (Cl form, total exchange capacity ≥ 1.0 mol L−1) was supplied by Merck Life Science, Darmstadt, Germany, S.L.U.
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5

Anion Exchange Resin Characterization

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Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, 14%), tetrahydrofuran (THF), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) were purchased from Scharlab S.L., Barcelona, Spain Polyvinylchloride (PVC, Mw = 112,000 g·mol−1) was supplied by ATOCHEM S.A., Madrid, Spain. Amberlite® IRA-402 and Lewatit® Sybron Ionac® SR-7 anion exchange resins were supplied by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Purolite® A600/9413 anion exchange resin was supplied by MemBrain® s.r.o., Stráž pod Ralskem, Czech Republic. The characteristics of the anion exchange resins are reported in Table 1. MilliQ water was used throughout the experiments.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Anion-Exchange Resins

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Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, 14%), tetrahydrofuran (THF), sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) were purchased from Scharlab, S.L., Barcelona, Spain. Sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), di-potassium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (K2HPO4), humic acids (HA), Amberlite® IRA-402, and Lewatit ® Sybron Ionac ® SR-7 anion-exchange resins were supplied by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Puroliteº® A600/9413 anion-exchange resin was supplied by MemBrain ® s.r.o., Stráž pod Ralskem, Czech Republic. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) was purchased from Chem-lab NV, Zedelgem, Belgium; sodium hydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) from Panreac Química S.L.U., Barcelona, Spain; magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O) from LabChem Inc., Zelienople, PA, USA; sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from Fisher Scientific Co. LLC., Pittsburgh, PA, USA, and citric acid from VWR chemicals, USA. Polyvinylchloride (PVC, Mw = 112,000 g mol−1) was supplied by ATOCHEM, Madrid, Spain. MilliQ water was used throughout the experiments.
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