Propodium iodide

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with ethylenediamine core (2nd and 3rd generation) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human cell lines: keratinocytes and fibroblasts, were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Keratinocyte Serum-Free Medium, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and PBS used in a cell culture were products of Gibco (San Diego, CA, USA). Glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin were obtained from Quality Biologicals Inc. (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). 5[³H]-proline and scintillation cocktail “Ultima GoldXR” were from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA). Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit II, JC-1 MitoScreen Kit, Propodium iodide, Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Human Inflammatory Cytokines Kit were from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA). Additionally, FLICA Caspase 3 Kit, FLICA Caspase 8 Kit (ImmunoChemistry Technologies, Bloomington, MN, USA), and RNase A Solution (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) were used.