The seminoma cell line TCam-2 was kindly donated by Professor Riko Kitazawa, Ehime University Hospital [20 (link), 21 (link)]. The testicular embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 was obtained from the ATCC (Manassa, USA). All cells were free of mycoplasma contamination and used in experiments within 30 passages after thawing. TCam-2 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, USA) with 10% foetal bovine Serum (FBS) (Gibco, USA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco, USA). NTERA-2 cells were cultured in complete DMEM (4.5 g/L glucose) (Gibco, USA) and incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. In vitro, cells were treated with 5–20 mM metformin (KeyGEN, China). Additionally, TCam-2 cells were treated with 5 μM cisplatin, and NTERA-2 cells were treated with 0.1 μM cisplatin (SelleckChem). The treatment strategies included monotherapy (metformin or cisplatin monotherapy for 72 h), the combination therapy (synchronous treatment with metformin and cisplatin for 72 h) and sequential treatment. Specifically, sequential treatment with metformin and cisplatin was performed by treating TCam-2 and NTERA-2 cells with metformin for 48 h and then withdrawing it for 24 h before the cisplatin exposure for another 24 h. Verteporfin (VP), which was the YAP1 inhibitor, was purchased from MedChemExpress. Both TCam-2 and NTERA-2 were respectively treated with 3 μM VP for 48 h.
Metformin
Manufactured by MedChemExpress
Sourced in United States, China
Metformin is a chemical compound commonly used as a pharmaceutical ingredient. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. Metformin is the active ingredient in various prescription medications, but its core function is to serve as a versatile chemical building block for pharmaceutical development and research. This factual description is provided without any interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Rapamycin, by MedChemExpress (2 mentions)
Cisplatin, by MedChemExpress (2 mentions)
Compound c, by MedChemExpress (2 mentions)
Metformin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L glutamine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Rotenone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Murine mip 3β ccl19, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Fitc conjugated anti mouse cd80 cd86 cd4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Pe conjugated anti mouse cd40 mhc 2 ccr7 foxp3 pd l1, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Apc conjugated anti mouse cd11c cd25 antibodies, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Antibodies against gapdh tritc phalloidin 40 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole dapi, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
Hematoxylin and eosin h e staining solution, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Mouse na ve cd4 t cell isolation kit, by Miltenyi Biotec (2 mentions)
Fitc conjugated dextran, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lipopolysaccharides (lps), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cell counting kit 8 cck 8, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Mitotracker green, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Anti cyclin b1, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
27 protocols using metformin
1
Metformin and Cisplatin Effects on Seminoma and Embryonal Carcinoma
2
Traumatic SCI Mouse Model with Metformin
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
A modified Allen approach was used to construct the traumatic SCI mouse model (Allen, 1911; Ni et al., 2019). Briefly, the mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of xylazine (10 mg/kg; Topscience, Shanghai, China, Cat# T7046) and ketamine (80 mg/kg; Ketathesia, Henry Schein Animal Health, Dublin, OH, USA). An incision was made on the back midline, followed by laminectomy at the T10 level. Then, a 10-g weight was applied to the dorsal surface of the exposed spinal cord dorsal surface using a modified Allen weight-drop apparatus set to a vertical height of 15 mm. The mouse bladders were emptied manually twice a day until normal voiding activity was recovered. Metformin (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA, Cat# HY-B0627) was diluted to 100 mg/mL. The injured mice were injected intraperitoneally with Metformin (100 mg/kg per day) and compound C (20 mg/kg per day; MedChemExpress, Cat# HY-13418A), an AMPK inhibitor, from 3 days post-SCI until the mice were sacrificed. PBS (20 μL; Solarbio, Beijing, China, Cat# P1010) was used as the vehicle-only control. Behavioral parameters were evaluated by Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) and tactile allodynia 24 hours after each daily dose of Metformin and compound C.
3
Preconditioning Agents in BCCAO Rats
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Before BCCAO, rats were randomly allocated to receive either vehicle (saline), metformin (100 mg/kg; MedChem Express, New Jersey, United States, Cat# HY-B0627), rapamycin (0.25 mg/kg; MedChem Express, New Jersey, United States, Cat# HY-10219), or NMN (100 mg/kg; MedChem Express, New Jersey, United States, Cat# HY-F0004) via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection daily for 14 consecutive days (Figure 1A ). BCCAO was performed after injection. Body weights were measured weekly during the whole process of the animal experiment.
4
Metformin, Cucurbitacin E, and Cisplatin Combination Therapy
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Metformin, cucurbitacin E, and cisplatin were purchased from MedChemExpress (Cat: HY-17471A, HY-N0417, and HY-17394, respectively, New Jersey, USA). Necrostatin-1 and zVAD-fmk were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Cat: N9037 and C2105, respectively, Saint Louis, USA). Antibodies, including anti-p-Drp1 (Ser616), anti-p-Drp1 (Ser637), anti-cyclin B1, anti-AMPK, and anti-AMPKα (Thr172) antibodies (Cat: 3455 T, 4867 T, 9870 T, 2532 S, and 2531 S, respectively), were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, USA); anti-Drp1, anti-Cdk1, and anti-VDAC1 antibodies (Cat: ab184247, Ab18, and Ab34726, respectively, Abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-HSP60 antibodies (Cat: Sc-1052, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, USA); mouse anti-β-actin antibodies (Cat: A5441, Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany); and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, and Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (Cat: A11001, A21236, and A21207, respectively, Carlsbad, USA) were obtained from Invitrogen.
5
Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
For oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), the cells were discarded from the original medium and rinsed twice with phosphate-buffered saline, glucose-free DMEM was added and then cultured in a humidified anaerobic incubator (containing 1% O2, 5% CO2, and 94% N2) at 37°C to simulate the ischemic environment in vitro. In this study, HUVECs and SH-SY5Y cells were maintained under OGD conditions for 2, 4, 6, or 8 h and 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 h, respectively. The culture medium was then replaced with complete DMEM and the cells were placed in a normal incubator (containing 95% O2 and 5% CO2) at 37°C for reoxygenation for 12 h to mimic reperfusion in vitro. At the beginning of the reoxygenation phase, metformin (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μM), AICAR (an AMPK agonist, 500 μM; MedChemExpress, China), Compound C (10 μM), and KG-501 (a CREB inhibitor, 25 μM; Sigma-Aldrich, United States) were added to the culture medium to treat HUVECs, and BDNF (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 ng/ml; R&D Systems, United States) was added to treat SH-SY5Y cells in different groups. All cells were collected for later experiments at the end of the reoxygenation period.
6
Experimental Colorectal Cancer Model
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Azoxymethane (AOM; #A5486-100MG) of 98% purity was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA), whilst both active VD3 (Calcitriol; #HY-10002) and metformin (#HY-17471A) were from MedChemExpress LLC (Princeton, NJ, USA). Moreover, 5-FU was purchased from Hospira Australia Ltd. (Melbourne, Australia), and all drugs were freshly prepared as per the manufacturers’ instructions prior to their use. DMEM media (#10566032), foetal bovine serum (FBS; #A3160802), antibiotic-antimycotic solution (#15240062), and all the utilised cell culture materials were from Thermo Fisher scientific (Fremont, CA, USA).
7
Investigating AMPK Activation and ROS Modulation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Metformin (purity > 99.98%), A769662 (purity > 98.09%) and Compound C (purity > 99.65%) were purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, purity ≥ 99.70%), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , 3% solution), progesterone (purity ≥ 99.00%), 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA, purity ≥ 97.00%), methylcellulose (viscosity: 4000 cP), 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC, purity ≥ 85%), anti-phosphotyrosine antibody, and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human serum albumin (HSA, 10% solution) was purchased from Vitrolife (Göteborg, Sweden). Fluo-4 AM was purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Anti-phospho-Thr172 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) antibody (62 kDa) and anti-AMPKα antibody (62 kDa) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).
Anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody (36 kDa) was purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA).
Anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody (36 kDa) was purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA).
8
Liver Injury Evaluation Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Metformin, chloral hydrate, vancomycin, neomycin sulphate, metronidazole, and ampicillin were purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, POD was bought from Roch (Germany). AST and ALT kits were purchased from Jiancheng Bioengineering (AST, C010-2-1; ALT, C009-2). Anti-claudin-3 was bought from Abcam (1:100, ab15102, USA). TRIzol reagent was purchased from Takara (Tokyo, Japan). TaqMan Reverse Transcription Kit was bought from UE (Suzhou, China). qPCR superMIX was purchased from Yeasen (Shanghai, China).
9
Overexpression of MMP-9 in HEK293A cells
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
HEK 293A cells were obtained from the Cell Resource Center, Peking Union Medical College (which is the headquarter of National Science & Technology Infrastructure--National BioMedical Cell-Line Resource, NSTI-BMCR). Cells were maintained at 37 °C, with 5% CO2 in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 104 U∙mL−1 Pen/Strep. MMP-9 was overexpressed using an MMP-9-pcDNA3.1(+)-3Xflag plasmid synthesized by Ruibiotech (Beijing, China). Control plasmid did not contain sequences homologous to those of humans, mice, or rats. HEK 293A cells were seeded into 6-well plates (1.0 × 106 cells/well) for 24 h and transfected with MMP-9 or control plasmid using lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) for 24 h, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Furthermore, the transfected cells were incubated with metformin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; 1 μmol·L−1) for an additional 24 h. For the degradation experiment, the transfected HEK293A cells were pretreated with metformin for half an hour and incubated with cycloheximide (CHX; MedChemExpress, HY-12320; 10 μmol·L−1) to block protein synthesis for the indicated periods (0, 1, 2, 3 h). Lysates are harvested from the cells and analyzed by Western blotting.
10
Metformin and SB431542 Treatment
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Metformin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and dissolved in sterile PBS. The final concentration of Metformin used in this study was 10 mM. SB431542 was purchased from MedChemExpress (New Jersey, USA), and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The final concentration of SB431542 used in this study was 10 μM.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!