Ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O), sodium ferrocyanide (Na4[Fe(CN)6].10H2O), cesium chloride (CsCl), polyvinyl alcohol (polymerization degree 2000), corn starch, potato starch, formaldehyde (HCHO, 36–38%), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95%) were purchased from the Wako Pure Chemicals company (Osaka, Japan). Cellulose nano-fiber (1.0 wt%) produced based on “Isogai method” was purchased from Nihon Seishi.
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva)
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan
PVA is a powder-based laboratory equipment used for various applications. It serves as a key component in the preparation and processing of samples in various research and analytical settings.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium alginate, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Formaldehyde, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Cesium chloride, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Corn starch, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Potato starch, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Aniline, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Ammonium persulfate, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Glucose, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline 1 pbs, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Recombinant human insulin, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Dna quantification kit, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cellstain double staining kit, by Dojindo Laboratories (1 mentions)
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate nah2po4, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid edta, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Papain, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
19 protocols using polyvinyl alcohol (pva)
1
Preparation of Photosensitive Hydrogel
2
Ammonium Persulfate Functionalization Protocol
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Ammonium persulfate (APS), hydrochloric acid (HCl), aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA), aniline (ANI), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glucose were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Phosphate-buffered saline (1× PBS, pH 7.4) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
3
PLGA-Based Insulin Delivery System
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PLGA (copolymer composition ratio of 50 : 50, weight average molecular weight of 20 kDa, and inherent viscosity of 0.187 to 0.229 dL/g), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), polyvinyl alcohol (86–90 mol% hydrolysis), recombinant human insulin, hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), absolute ethanol (99.5%), N-hydroxysuccinimide esters (NHS), 25% glutaraldehyde solution, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) were obtained from Wako Pure Chemicals Ltd., Japan. L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate (minimum 98%), ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), papain, DNA quantification kit, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), growth supplements, and antibiotics were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Phosphate buffer saline (10x, pH = 7.4) was obtained from Nacali Tesque Inc., Japan. Porcine collagen type-1 was obtained from Nitta Gelatin, Japan. 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC/EDAC) was obtained from Peptide Institute Inc., Japan. Cellstain Double Staining Kit was obtained from Dojindo Laboratories, Japan. Micro BCA protein assay Kit was obtained from Pierce Biotechnology, USA. All the materials in this study were used as received without further purification. Molecular biology grade milli-Q water from millipore water system (Millipore Corporation, USA) was used for preparation of all the solutions and reagents.
4
Friction Force Analysis of Firebrat Scales
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For detailed analysis of the relationship between scale surface structures and the dimensions of rubbed objects (indenters), a single scale was taken from a firebrat and was fixed on a silicon substrate using poly(vinyl alcohol) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) as an adhesive. Afterwards, friction forces were measured by AFM with needle and colloidal probes with diameters of 2.0, 3.5, and 6.6 µm (CP-CONT-SIO-A, CP-CONT-SIO-B, and CP-CONT-SIO-C, sQube, Germany. Information of cantilevers is shown in Supplementary Table S2b . The scanning area was 15 µm × 15 µm and the scan rate was 0.3 Hz. The scanning was performed from the scale base to the apex only (see Supplementary Figure S2 ).
5
Chitosan-Based Biomaterial Synthesis
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Chitosan with 83% of degree of deacetylation was purchased from KIMICA Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium gluconate, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (degree of saponification 96%, degree of polymerization 1000), and lysozyme from egg white were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide monohydrochloride (EDC) was purchased from Peptide Institute, Inc. (Osaka, Japan).
6
Graphene-Reinforced PVA-Alginate Hydrogel
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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, n = 1500 ∼ 1800), sodium alginate (SA, 300 ∼ 400cP), nitric acid, sodium tetraborate (Borax), cobalt(Ⅱ) nitrate hexahydrate and methanol were provided by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Japan). Graphene nanoplatelets (6–8 nm thick × 15 µm wide) was obtained from Strem Chemicals, Inc. (USA). 2-Methylimidazole was supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Japan). The deionized water was produced by WG250B, Yamato Scientific co., ltd., (Japan).
7
Polysulfone-Based Bioactive Hydrogel Synthesis
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Polysulfone (MW 7500 Da, Udel® P-3500 LCD) was obtained from Solvay, Brussels, Belgium. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, MW 58,000 Da) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc, 99.8%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, polymerization degree = 2000) and sodium alginate were purchased from Wako, Osaka, Japan and Junsei, Tokyo, Japan, respectively. Luria-Bertani (LB) media (broth and agar) were obtained from Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA. N-Octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL), Tris-HCl buffer (1 M, pH 7.00), and two antibiotics (tetracycline and spectinomycin) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Calcium chloride, boric acid, and sodium sulfate were obtained from Daejung, Siheung-si, Korea. To detect the beta-galactosidase activity, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal, GoldBio, St Louis, MO, USA) was used as the substrate. The beta-glo reagent for luminescence cell bioassay was purchased from Promega, Madison, WI, USA. Syto 9 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) and Concanavalin A (Con A, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) fluorescent dyes were used for the respective staining of BH4 cells and polysaccharides. All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
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Amphiphilic block copolymers and methoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL), with different compositions, were previously synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization of both ethylene oxide and ε-caprolactone [29 (link)], as listed in Table 1 . Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dex, average molecular weight: 20,000) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, degree of polymerization: 500, saponification degree: 86–90 mol%) and PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), monomer ratio of lactide to glycolide: 3, average molecular weight: 20,000) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). PLA (average molecular weight: 300,000) was purchased from Polysciences Inc. (Warrington, PA). All other reagents were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.
9
SMME Membrane Glycan Analysis
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SMME membranes were prepared as described in a previous report (Matsuno et al., 2009) . Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Immobilon-P, pore size 0.45 μm, Millipore Corp.) were cut in a rectangular shape (6 cm × 5 cm) and immersed in 0.1% hydrophilic polymer solution with gentle shaking for 2 h. The hydrophilic polymers used for glycan analysis and lectin blotting were polyvinyl alcohol (PVA: average MW, 22,000; Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan) and 1:3 mixture of PVA and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP: average MW, 40,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), respectively. The prepared SMME membranes were equilibrated using a running buffer of 0.1 M pyridine-formic acid (pH 4.0) for 30 min with gentle shaking; subsequently, the SMME membranes (separation length, 6 cm) were placed in a membrane electrophoresis chamber (EPC105AA; Advantec, Tokyo, Japan). Next, 1 µL of the sample solution was streaked onto the membrane (5 mm wide and 1.2 cm from the bottom of the membrane) and subjected to a constant current at 1.0 mA/cm for 30 min.
For alcian blue (AB) staining, the electrophoresed membranes were immersed in 30% acetic acid in methanol for 30 min immediately after electrophoresis and subsequently incubated in the AB dye solution (pH 4.0) with gentle shaking for 30 min. The stained membrane was washed with methanol for a few minutes to remove the background color.
For alcian blue (AB) staining, the electrophoresed membranes were immersed in 30% acetic acid in methanol for 30 min immediately after electrophoresis and subsequently incubated in the AB dye solution (pH 4.0) with gentle shaking for 30 min. The stained membrane was washed with methanol for a few minutes to remove the background color.
10
Cortical Granule Lectin Staining in Oocytes
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Cortical granule (CG) lectin was stained as described previously.22 , 23 Oocytes were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan) in Dulbecco's phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) for 1 h at room temperature, followed by incubation in blocking solution, which comprised PBS containing 0.2% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; Sigma‐Aldrich), 0.3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Sigma‐Aldrich), and 100 mM glycine (Kanto Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) for 5 min. Subsequently, oocytes were washed with PBS/PVA containing 0.1% Triton X‐100 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd) and incubated with Alexa Fluor 488‐conjugated lectin PNA (1:200; Molecular Probes, OR) for 30 min at room temperature. After washing in PBS/PVA containing 0.01% Triton X‐100 and 0.3% BSA, oocytes were mounted onto glass slides using VECTASHIELD Mounting Medium (Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan). Images were obtained using a TCS SP5 confocal laser microscope (Leica, Tokyo, Japan).
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