Abietic acid

Butyl acrylate (>99%), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (>99%), ethyl acrylate (>99%), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (>95%), acrylic acid (>99%), abietic acid (>80%), triethylamine (>99%), and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (>98%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. Tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether (>95%) and dibutyltin dilaurate (95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Korea Ltd. (Yongin, Korea). Toluene (99.5%), ethyl acetate (99.5%), and methyl ethyl ketone (99.5%) were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Pyeongtaek, Korea). Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 98%) was purchased from Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). All chemicals were used as received without further purification. The epoxy crosslinker was used after dilution to a solid content of 5 wt% with Toluene. A 17-μm-thick graphite sheet was purchased from Tanyuan technology (Changzhou, China). A silicone-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film were purchased from SKC (Seoul, Korea). A stainless steel (SS) plate was purchased from MMSTECH (Bucheon, Korea). The micro structure of the g-TC film was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM 6380, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) and a digital microscope (MXB-5000REZ, HIROX, Tokyo, Japan).

Abietic acid (AA ˃ 80%) was supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Tetraethylene glycol (TEG ˃ 99%), 1-vinylimidazole (VIM ≥ 99), p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA ≥ 99), hydroquinone (≥99), ethyl iodide (EI 99%), hexyl iodide (HI ≥ 98%), toluene (≥99.7), dioxane (≥99), and xylene (≥98.5) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co (Louis, MO, USA). Heavy crude oil was supplied by Aramco Co, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Its full specification is reported in our earlier work [18 (link)]. Brine (35,000 ppm) was prepared in our laboratory using distilled water and sodium chloride.