Nonanoic acid

Hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene succinate (PES) was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). All other analytical grade products, chemicals and dyes were from either Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO) or Fisher Scientific (Toronto, ON). To prepare the various PHA polymers, the P. putidaLS46 was cultivated in Ramsay’s minimal medium (RMM) (Ramsay et al., 1994 (link)) at 30°C in 7 L Applicon Bioreactor with hexanoic, octanoic, nonanoic, or decanoic acid as the sole carbon source (Blunt et al., 2018 (link)). A copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalrate [Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate, PHBV] was prepared from biodiesel fatty acid supplemented with 0.5% valeric acid using CuprividusnecatorH16 (Sharma et al., 2016 (link)). The monomer compositions of these PHA polymers were determined (Sharma et al., 2011 (link)) and are shown in Table 1. Luria Bertani (LB) broth and agar were used for the growth of E. coli DH5α and E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and PLPC were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. Sarmentine was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. All other chemicals, including nonanoic acid, laurdan and DPH were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sorgoleone was extracted from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench as described previously (Dayan et al., 2009 (link)).

Octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and 50 wt.% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) and cyclohexanone was provided by Grupa Azoty Puławy (Puławy, Poland).

DL-menthol (purity ≥ 95%), octanoic acid (purity ≥ 98%), nonanoic acid (purity ≥ 98%), decanoic acid (purity ≥ 98%), dodecanoic acid (purity ≥ 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as (purity ≥ 98%) and received in the preparation of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents. Methanol (99.8%), acetone (99.8%) and hexane (≥99%) of chromatographic grade was obtained from Sigma Aldrich and ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).

Hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, PLA, PES, and PCL were from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other analytical grade products, chemicals, and dyes were from either Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) or Fisher Scientific (Toronto, ON, USA). To prepare the various PHA polymers, the P. putida LS46 was cultivated in Ramsay’s minimal medium (RMM) [67 (link)] at 30 °C in a 7-LApplicon Bioreactor with hexanoic, octanoic, nonanoic, or decanoic acid as the sole carbon source [66 (link)]. A copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalrate [Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate, PHBV] was prepared from biodiesel fatty acid supplemented with 0.5% valeric acid using Cuprividusnecator H16 [68 (link)]. The monomer compositions of these PHA polymers were determined [65 (link)] and are shown in Table 8. Luria Bertani (LB) broth and agar were used for the growth of E. coli DH5α and E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells.

Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535) [CAS Number: 52304-36-6] was identified as a safe and effective mosquito repellent²⁰ . It features an ester and a tertiary amide functional group, both of which can act as hydrogen bond acceptors. Carboxylic acids are capable of forming strong interactions with such groups. A range of carboxylic acids, which are molecules capable of forming strong interactions with IR3535, was reviewed. nonanoic acid [CAS Number: 112-05-0] was selected on the basis of safety²¹ , its intrinsic pH as a proxy for skin irritation potential and its inherent repellence effect²² . IR3535 (>98%) was supplied by Merck Chemicals and nonanoic acid (>96%) was obtained from SigmaAldrich. The reagents were used as received without further purification.