All chemicals were dissolved in extracellular solution at the final concentration. For drug application, the bath solution was exchanged twice with the drug-containing solution using a syringe, resulting in a final exchange of the bath solution by about 90–95%. For prolonged drug application (>15 min) the bath solution was exchanged with a drug-containing solution several times. The following agents were used: CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione), D-APV (D-(2R)-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid), riluzole (2-amino-6-(trifluoromethoxy)benzothiazole), flufenamic acid (FFA), 9-phenanthrol, gadolinium chloride, clemizole hydrochloride and ML204 (4-Methyl-2-(1piperidinyl)-quinoline; all Sigma); TTA-P2 (3,5-dichloro-N-[1-(2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)-4-fluoro-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-benzamide): Alomone Labs; gabazine (2-(3-Carboxypropyl)-3-amino-6-(4methoxyphenyl)pyridazinium bromide: Abcam).
Gadolinium chloride
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Gadolinium chloride is a rare earth compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a source of gadolinium ions, which have unique physical and chemical properties that make them useful in research and analytical settings. The core function of gadolinium chloride is to provide a reliable and consistent supply of gadolinium for such applications, without interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nifedipine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
U73122, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gdcl3, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
9 phenanthrol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 methyl 2 1piperidinyl quinoline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lanthanum chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
ω agatoxin iva, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Snx 482, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Pgp cmv gcamp6s, by Addgene (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (egta), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Skf96365, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
U0126, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
ω conotoxin gvia, by Alomone (1 mentions)
Trpm7, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Fk 506 monohydrate tacrolimus, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Menthol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Protx 2, by Peptide Institute (1 mentions)
Resiniferatoxin, by LC Laboratories (1 mentions)
22 protocols using gadolinium chloride
1
Pharmacological Modulation of Ion Channels
2
Calcium Signaling Pathway Modulation
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The chemical reagents used in this study are as follows: 100 μM nifedipine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO; N7634); 500 μM gadolinium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, G7532); 10 μM SKF96365 (Sigma-Aldrich, S7809); 1 M EGTA (Sigma-Aldrich, E4378); 500 μM lanthanum chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, L4131); 2 μM ω-Agatoxin IVA (Tocris, Bristol, UK; 2799); 2 μM SNX 482 (Tocris, 2799); 10 μM ω-Conotoxin GVIA (Alomone Labs, C-300); 10 μM U0126 (Sigma-Aldrich, U120); 50 mM potassium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, P3911); 100 nM AP24534 (Tocris, 4274); 25 μM trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (Sigma Aldrich, T8516).
The following plasmids were purchased from Addgene: pGP-CMV-GCaMP6s was a gift from Douglas Kim (Addgene plasmid # 40753)33 (link); pGP-CMV-GCaMP6s-CAAX was a gift from Tobias Meyer (Addgene plasmid # 52228)34 (link); AAV-CAG-GFP was a gift from Karel Svoboda (Addgene plasmid # 28014)35 (link). The generation procedures for ERK1-dTomato construct were described previously36 (link). AAV-CAG-GCaMP6s-CAAX was cloned by replacing the GFP sequence in the AAV-CAG-GFP vector with GCaMP6s-CAAX PCR amplicon flanked BamHI/HindIII restriction sites. pHelper, and pAAV-RC1 plasmids were purchased from Cell Biolabs. RaichuEV-HRas FRET biosensor was kindly gifted from Dr. M. Matsuda (Kyoto University).
The following plasmids were purchased from Addgene: pGP-CMV-GCaMP6s was a gift from Douglas Kim (Addgene plasmid # 40753)33 (link); pGP-CMV-GCaMP6s-CAAX was a gift from Tobias Meyer (Addgene plasmid # 52228)34 (link); AAV-CAG-GFP was a gift from Karel Svoboda (Addgene plasmid # 28014)35 (link). The generation procedures for ERK1-dTomato construct were described previously36 (link). AAV-CAG-GCaMP6s-CAAX was cloned by replacing the GFP sequence in the AAV-CAG-GFP vector with GCaMP6s-CAAX PCR amplicon flanked BamHI/HindIII restriction sites. pHelper, and pAAV-RC1 plasmids were purchased from Cell Biolabs. RaichuEV-HRas FRET biosensor was kindly gifted from Dr. M. Matsuda (Kyoto University).
3
Extracellular and Patch-Clamp Solutions
4
Disruption of Malaria Liver-Stage Immunity
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Female BALB/cOlaHsd (BALB/c) mice 6 wk of age or older (Envigo, formally Harlan Laboratories, Bicester, U.K.) were immunized i.m. in the musculus tibialis with 108 infectious units of human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAd5) expressing model Ag TIP–enhanced GFP (eGFP) and at least 6 wk later boosted intradermally (i.d.) in the ear with 106 PFU of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing TIPeGFP. In instances of failed sporozoite batches, the interval between HAd5 and MVA immunization was increased or mice were boosted a second time with 106 PFU of MVA. Cell transfers were always performed 10 d after MVA boost.
To disrupt MHC class I presentation (35 (link)) and block T cell function, mice were injected i.p. with 100 μl of 0.03 mg/ml FK-506 monohydrate (tacrolimus) (Sigma-Aldrich) to achieve an in vivo dose of 0.15 mg/kg. Due to time-restricted access at the animal facility, FK-506 was administered every morning and evening for the first 2 d at 0, 9, 24, and 32 h after sporozoite injection. For depletion of Kupffer cells, mice received 200 μl of clodronate or PBS liposomes (Clodronate.Liposomes.org) via the i.v. route for 2 d prior to sporozoite administration. Alternatively, phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells was inhibited by injection 10 mg/kg (100 μl of 2 mg/ml) gadolinium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich) the day prior to sporozoite injection (36 (link)).
To disrupt MHC class I presentation (35 (link)) and block T cell function, mice were injected i.p. with 100 μl of 0.03 mg/ml FK-506 monohydrate (tacrolimus) (Sigma-Aldrich) to achieve an in vivo dose of 0.15 mg/kg. Due to time-restricted access at the animal facility, FK-506 was administered every morning and evening for the first 2 d at 0, 9, 24, and 32 h after sporozoite injection. For depletion of Kupffer cells, mice received 200 μl of clodronate or PBS liposomes (Clodronate.Liposomes.org) via the i.v. route for 2 d prior to sporozoite administration. Alternatively, phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells was inhibited by injection 10 mg/kg (100 μl of 2 mg/ml) gadolinium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich) the day prior to sporozoite injection (36 (link)).
5
Investigating Neuropathic Pain Pathways
6
Selective Inhibition of IP3 Receptors
7
HFUMS-Induced Calcium Signaling in HUVECs
8
Cardiac Effects of CB1/CB2 Receptor Antagonists
9
Cell Culture Reagent Protocol
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All cell culture reagents were obtained from Cultilab (Brazil). Suramin, ARL 67156, and gadolinium chloride were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
10
Liver Regeneration and Inflammatory Cytokines
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To explore the role of inflammatory cytokines in liver regeneration, the Kupffer cell inhibitor gadolinium chloride (GdCl3; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States) was used. Another set of animals was used for the Kupffer cell inhibition experiments. We prepared an ALPPS model for GdCl3 administration (n = 3). GdCl3 (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 24 h before surgery. In the control group, physiological saline was administered. All rats were sacrificed 48 h after surgery to obtain liver samples.
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