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10 protocols using glutamax supplement

1

Embryo Culture Media Optimization

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Flush medium: CMRL 1066 (11 530 037, Invitrogen) + 5 × penicillin‐streptomycin (60162ES76, YEASEN) + 10% FBS (SE200‐ES, Vistech).
Medium I for embryos on IVC days 0–1: CMRL 1066+ 1 × penicillin‐streptomycin+ 1 × GlutaMAX Supplement (35 050 061, Thermo) + 1 × MEM Non‐Essential Amino Acids Solution (11 140 050, Thermo) + 0.5 × N‐2 Supplement (17 502 048, Gibco) + 0.5 × B‐27 Supplement (17 504 044, Gibco) + 10% FBS.
Medium II for embryos on IVC day 2: CMRL 1066 + 1 × penicillin‐streptomycin + 1 × GlutaMAX Supplement+ 1 × MEM Non‐Essential Amino Acids Solution + 0.5 × N‐2 Supplement + 0.5 × B‐27 Supplement + 20% FBS.
Medium III for embryos on IVC days 3–4: CMRL 1066 + 1 × penicillin‐streptomycin + 1 × GlutaMAX Supplement + 1 × MEM Non‐Essential Amino Acids Solution + 30% KnockOut Serum Replacement (10 828 028, Gibco).
Medium IV for embryos on IVC day 5: CMRL 1066 + 1 × penicillin‐streptomycin+ 1 × GlutaMAX Supplement + 1 × MEM Non‐Essential Amino Acids Solution + 30% KnockOut Serum Replacement + 30% RS (rat serum) + 0.5 mg mL−1 glucose (Sigma, D9434).
Medium V medium for embryos on IVC days 6–10: CMRL 1066+ 1 × penicillin‐streptomycin + 1 × GlutaMAX Supplement + 1 × MEM Non‐Essential Amino Acids Solution + 50% RS + 1 mg mL−1 glucose
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2

Cell Culture Protocols for IHH, BNL, and HepaRG Cells

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IHH (kindly provided by T. Brunner, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany) were cultured in IMDM (Sigma Aldrich I3390, Buchs, Switzerland), supplemented with 10% FCS, 105 IU/L penicillin-G and 100 mg/L streptomycin and GlutaMAX™ Supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Basel, CH). BNL 1ME A.7R.1 (ATCC® TIB-75™) cells (kind gift of N. Corazza, Bern, Switzerland) were cultured in DMEM (D0819, Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland), supplemented with 10% FCS, 105 IU/L penicillin-G and 100 mg/L streptomycin and 1 mM sodium pyruvate solution (S8636, Sigma Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland). HepaRG cells (kindly provided by M. Haschke, Bern, Switzerland) were cultured in William’s E medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Basel, Switzerland), supplemented with 10% FCS, 105 IU/L penicillin-G and 100 mg/L streptomycin, GlutaMAX™ Supplement, 5 µg/mL bovine insulin (I0516) and 50 µM hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (H2270, Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland).
Primary hepatocytes were isolated as described elsewhere [37 (link)] and cultured in collagen-coated flasks in William’s medium E supplemented with 10% FCS, 100 nM dexamethasone (D4902, Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland), GlutaMAX™ Supplement and 105 IU/L penicillin-G and 100 mg/L streptomycin. All cells were kept in a humidified incubator at 37 °C and 5% CO2.
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3

Murine Hybrid Cell Lines for X-Chromosome Studies

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The M. musculus/M. castaneus F1 hybrid transformed MEF cell line was previously described as “EY.T4” (Yildirim et al., 2011 (link)). The male and female transgenic Xist MEF cells lines carrying either full length Xist or Xist exon 1 were previously described as “♂X+P” and “♀X+P E1”, respectively (Jeon and Lee, 2011 (link)). MEFs were grown in medium containing DMEM, high glucose, GlutaMAX supplement, pyruvate (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 10% FBS (Sigma), 25 mM HEPES pH 7.2-7.5 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1x MEM non-essential amino acids (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1x Pen/Strep (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 0.1 mM βME (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C with 5% CO 2. The M. musculus/M. castaneus F2 hybrid ES cell line carrying a mutated Tsix allele was previously described as “TsixTST/+” (Ogawa et al., 2008 (link)). ES cells were grown on γ-irradiated MEF feeders in medium containing DMEM, high glucose, GlutaMAX supplement, pyruvate, 15% Hyclone FBS (Sigma), 25 mM HEPES pH 7.2-7.5, 1x MEM non-essential amino acids, 1x Pen/Strep, 0.1 mM βME, and 500 U/mL ESGRO recombinant mouse Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) protein (Sigma, ESG1107) at 37°C with 5% CO 2. LIF was excluded from the medium during ES cell differentiation procedures (see Method Details below).
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4

RUSH-TfR Dynamics in INS-1 Cells

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INS-1 cells (P60-P80) were conditioned in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM; Invitrogen), GlutaMAX Supplement, 10% FBS (Sigma-Aldrich, F7524) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco, 15140122) for 3 days at 37°C and 5% of CO2 because RPMI contains high amounts of biotin preventing the retention of RUSH-TfR in the ER even in the absence of exogenous added biotin. Cells were plated to 50% confluency on coverslips in a 12-well plate 1 day before transfection. Per well, INS-1 cells were transfected with RUSH-TfR and Lipofectamine 2000 in OptiMEM. Subsequently, cells were washed and incubated in DMEM for 24 h. Cells were treated as indicated in the results. Unhooking of RUSH-TfR from the ER was mediated by the addition of D-biotin (Sigma-Aldrich, B4501-500MG) at 100 μM final concentration in DMEM and KRBm for 30 min prior to fixation. RUSH-TfR was visualized by staining cells with Janelia FluorX® 554 HaloTag® Ligand (100 nM).
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5

Stable Expression of Human EPAC1 in HEK293T Cells

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Stably transfected Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293T) cells, expressing 3xFlag-myc-CMV-26 vector (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) containing full-length human EPAC1, as described [39 (link),40 (link)], were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich, UK), 1% (v/v) of GlutaMAX supplement (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) and 1% (v/v) penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) and incubated at 37 °C in 5% (v/v) CO2. Selection of stable cell lines was maintained by addition of 1 mg/ml G418 (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) to the growth medium. The human monocytic cell line THP-1 was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Fisher Scientific, UK) containing 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich, UK), 1% (v/v) penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) and 2 mM glutamine at 37 °C in 5% (v/v) CO2. HUVECs were grown in EGM2 (PromoCell) at 37 °C and 5% (v/v) CO2. Cells were passaged weekly to a maximum of six passages.
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6

Macrophage Differentiation and Inflammasome Activation

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Isolated monocytes were seeded 1 × 106/ ml into a flat bottom cell culture plate with CellGenix® GMP DC media and GM-CSF (500 UI/ml) for 3 days. After macrophage differentiation, the supernatant was removed and RPMI medium containing 1 ng/ ml LPS was added. Priming was performed for 6 h. Then extracellular ASC specks and serum, with final dilution of 1:80, were added for a 24-h incubation. On the next day the supernatant was removed and frozen at −20°C until further usage. The monocytic cell line THP1-ASC-GFP was cultured in RPMI 1640 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% FCS; Gibco™ GlutaMAX™ Supplement; 10 mM HEPES; 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Sigma-Aldrich); and 1:100 Penicillin/Streptomycin (10.000 U/ml/10 mg/ml) at 37°C.
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7

Culturing Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Embryonic Stem Cells

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MEFs were grown in medium containing DMEM, high glucose, GlutaMAX supplement, pyruvate (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 10% FBS (Sigma), 25 mM HEPES pH 7.2–7.5 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1× MEM non-essential amino acids (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1× Pen/Strep (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 0.1 mM βME (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C with 5% CO2. ESCs were grown on γ-irradiated MEF feeders in medium containing DMEM, high glucose, GlutaMAX supplement, pyruvate, 15% Hyclone FBS (Sigma), 25 mM HEPES pH 7.2–7.5, 1× MEM non-essential amino acids, 1x Pen/Strep, 0.1 mM βME, and 500 U/mL ESGRO recombinant mouse Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) protein (Sigma, ESG1107) at 37°C with 5% CO2. LIF was excluded from the medium during ESC differentiation procedures (see below).
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8

Rhein Modulates Neuronal Cultures

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The use of animals and protocols were approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Southern University of Science and Technology. All reagents used for neuronal cultures were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA) unless otherwise specified. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were dissected from E13 C57BL/6 mouse embryos in Leibovitz’s L-15 medium and dissociated in TrypLE express enzyme. Dissociated neurons or explants of DRG were plated on acid-washed glass coverslips pre-coated with poly-D-lysine (100 μg/ml, Trevigen) and laminin (3.3 μg/ml, Trevigen), and cultured in Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27 (20 ml/l), GlutaMAX Supplement (2 mM), Penicillin–Streptomycin (100 U/ml, 100 μg/ml), 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (10 μM, Sigma) and Nerve growth factor (NGF) (50 ng/ml). For bath application of rhein, DRG neurons were plated and cultured for 2 h. Then rhein (Sigma) was added to the medium with final concentration of 50 μM. After 4 h, neurons were either processed for immunostaining or used for axon growth assay by taking phase-contrast images.
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9

Cilia-Associated Protein Interactome Profiling

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IMCD3 cells stably expressing NPHP3[residues 1-203]-BioID2 (hereafter called cilia-BioID2) and BioID2 alone (hereafter called BioID2) have been described previously [45 (link)]. IMCD3 cells were cultured in DMEM/F-12, GlutaMAX Supplement (Gibco, cat. #31331-093) medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, cat. #10438-026) and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. #P0781). The immortalized mCCD parental/WT cell line was generously provided by Dr. Eric Féraille (University of Lausanne, Switzerland) and has been described previously [40 (link)] The mCCD cells were cultured as described in [40 (link)], and RPE1 cells stably expressing SMO-tRFP [89 (link)] were cultured and transfected as described in [29 ]. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells were from ATCC (cat. #CRL-3216) and were cultured in high-glucose DMEM (Gibco, cat. #41966-052) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin.
All cell lines were grown in a 95% humidified incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO2. To induce ciliogenesis, IMCD3 cells were grown in plain DMEM/F-12, GlutaMAX Supplement for 24 h, while mCCD cells were grown in starvation medium, where the serum and hormone-deprived DMEM/F12, GlutaMAX Supplement medium was supplemented with 5 μg/ml holo-transferrin (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. # T0665) and 60 nM sodium selenite (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. #S5261) for 24 h.
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10

Culturing Murine and Rat Pancreatic β Cells

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The murine pancreatic β cells MIN6, obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA), were cultured in High-Glucose DMEM (HyClone™, Logan, UT) containing 15% (v/v) FBS (Biological Industries, Kibbutz Beit Haemek, Israel), 1% (v/v) GlutaMax Supplement (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin (HyClone™, Logan, UT), and 1× B27 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. The rat cell line INS-1 was maintained in RPMI‐1640 medium (HyClone™, Logan, UT) containing 10% FBS, 1% GlutaMax Supplement, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 50 μmol/L 2‐mercaptoethanol (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and 1 mM sodium pyruvate (HyClone™, Logan, UT).
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