Stock solutions of 5 mM bupivacaine (Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate; Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), 16 mM lidocaine (Lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate; Sigma-Aldrich), and 7 mM ropivacaine (Ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate; Sigma-Aldrich) prepared from water dissolved agents were sterilized and refrigerated until use. Before experiments, LAs were diluted in HBSS to obtain final equipotent concentrations: 0.0005, 0.005 and 1 mM bupivacaine; 0.002, 0.02, and 4 mM lidocaine; and 0.0007, 0.007 and 1.4 mM ropivacaine. The lowest concentrations of bupivacaine and ropivacaine reflected those observed in foetal circulation during epidural labour analgesia [16 (link)]. MNC were incubated with LAs under standard conditions (37oC; 5% CO2; HeraCell 150; ThermoScientific, MA, USA) for 4 h.
Ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate is a synthetic local anesthetic compound. It is a white or almost white crystalline powder.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Heracell 150, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Pluronic f 127, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L α lecithin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 protocols using ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate
1
Evaluating Local Anesthetic Effects on MNC
2
Neutrophil Responses to Local Anesthetic Agents
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Water stock solutions of LAs were stored at 4 °C. Prior to experiments, 10xPBS was added to the stock solutions to obtain final equipotent LA concentrations of 0.0005, 0.005 and 1 mM bupivacaine (Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate; Sigma-Aldrich), 0.002, 0.020, 0.2 and 4 mM lidocaine (Lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate; Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.0007, 0.007 and 1.4 mM ropivacaine (Ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate; Sigma-Aldrich). The concentrations used were adopted to allow comparisons regarding clinical potency: bupivacaine is three to four times more potent than lidocaine, and ropivacaine has 0.5–0.7 potency of bupivacaine. The lowest concentrations of bupivacaine and ropivacaine used corresponded to those observed in cord blood during maternal neuraxial blockade14 (link) and were followed by 10 and 200 times higher ones. The highest concentration was used as a reference value often tested in studies addressing the influence of LAs on various aspects of neutrophil biology. Neutrophils were incubated with LAs under standard conditions (37 °C, 5% CO2) for 2 h.
3
Nanoformulation of Ropivacaine Hydrogel
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Ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate (RPV, ≥98%, HPLC), L-α-lecithin (from soybean, ≥99%, thin layer chromatography), and Pluronic® F-127 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). PCL (molecular weight 20 kDa) was provided by Xi’an Ruixi Biological Technology Co., Ltd (Xi’an, Shaanxi, China). PEG2000-DSPE (PEG-DSPE) was purchased from Peng Sheng Biological Co., Ltd (Shanghai, PRC). FBS, DMEM, and MTT were purchased from Invitrogen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade or HPLC grade.
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