Tween 20, ascorbic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), tripyridyltriazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS) solution, β-carotene, linoleic acid, Orlistat, Trizma base, 4-nitrophenyl octanoate (NPC), maltose, α-amylase from porcine pancreas, α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, o-dianisidine dihydrochloride, and peroxidase/glucose oxidase (PGO) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich S.p.a. (Milan, Italy).
Acarbose from Actinoplanes sp. was obtained from Serva (Heidelberg, Germany). Caffeic acid, protocactechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, eriocitrin, gallic acid, apigenin, didymin, quercetin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, neoeriocitrin, naringin, narirutin, sinensetin, tangeretin, rutin, quercetin-O-glucoside, genistin, poncirin, luteolin, kaempferol, hesperetin, rhamnetin, umbelliferone, isopimpinellin, and bergapten were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chem. Co. (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol, and water were HPLC-grade solvents, obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milano, Italia).