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8 protocols using l glutamine 200 mm

1

Murine Endothelial Cell Culture Conditions

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Murine MS1 and SVR were cultured at 37 °C with 5% CO2, in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Sigma-Aldrich Inc., Saint Louis, MO, USA), enriched with 10% fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals, Lawrenceville, GA, USA), 1% complex of antibiotics-L-glutamine (10,000 IU/mL penicillin, 10,000 μg/mL streptomycin, and 29.2 mg/mL; Mediatech Inc., Manassas, VA, USA), and 1.5% L-glutamine 200 mM (Sigma-Aldrich Inc., Saint Louis, MO, USA), changed every 24 h [11 (link)]. MS1 and SVR were we incubated at either 37 °C or 39 °C for 24 h or 48 h. MS1 cells were murine pancreatic microvascular endothelial cells immortalized with a temperature-sensitive large T antigen, and SVR was derived from MS1 through the introduction of oncogenic H-ras.
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2

Culturing Human Leukemia HL60 Cells

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The human leukaemia cell line HL60 (promyelocitic cells) was supplied by Dr. Angeles Alonso-Moraga (Genetic Department, University of Cordoba, Spain). HL60 cells were grown in a RPMI-1640 suspension medium (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA). This medium was supplemented with antibiotics 100× (Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany), L-glutamine 200 mM (Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany) and 10% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (Linus, Cultek, Madrid, Spain). The experiments were run in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere at 37 °C using a CO2 Incubator (Shel Lab, Sheldon, OR, USA). The HL60 cells were subcultured every 2–3 days to maintain their logarithmic growth and were allowed to grow for 48 h before use. The cultures were plated at a density of 12.5 × 104 cells mL−1 in 40 mL culture bottles (25 cm2).
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3

Cell culture protocol for viability

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Conventional culture dishes that are 50 mm in diameter were purchased from Falcon (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy). Leibovitz’s L-15 medium, α-MEM GlutaMAX medium, insulin transferrin selenium (ITS) 100×, and LIVE/DEAD Fixable Far Red stain were purchased from Invitrogen (Milan, Italy). Penicillin-streptomycin 100×, amphotericin B 250 μg/mL, bovine serum albumin, L-ascorbic acid, L-glutamine 200 mM, Hoechst 33342, fructose, and α-thioglycerol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Mayers’s hematoxylin and paraffin wax were purchased from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy).
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4

Comparative analysis of cell culture systems

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Lumox gas-permeable culture dishes and conventional culture dishes 50mm in diameter were from Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany) and Falcon (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy) respectively. Leibovitz’s L-15 medium, α-MEM Glutamax medium (code number 32571), Insulin transferrin selenium (ITS) 100x, Live/dead Fixable far red stain were purchased from Invitrogen (Milan, Italy). Penicillin streptomycin 100x, Amphotericin B 250μg/ml, Bovine serum albumin (BSA), L-Ascorbic acid, L-Glutamine 200mM, Hoechst 33342, Fructose, α-thioglycerol and Eosin-Y were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Mayers’s hematoxylin and paraffin wax were from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy).
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5

Optimized Tissue Culturing Protocols

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Lumox culture dishes with gas-permeable bottom 50 mm in diameter (PD) were purchased from Sarstedt AG & Co. KG (Nuembrecht, Germany). Conventional dishes 50 mm in diameter were purchased from Falcon (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy). Leibovitz's L-15 medium, α-MEM Glutamax medium (code number 32571), insulin transferrin selenium (ITS) 100×, and live/dead fixable Far Red stain were purchased from Invitrogen (Milan, Italy). Penicillin streptomycin (Pen-Strep) 100×, amphotericin B 250 μg/ml, bovine serum albumin BSA, L-ascorbic acid, L-glutamine 200 mM, Hoechst 33342, fructose, α-thioglycerol, and eosin-Y were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Mayers's hematoxylin and paraffin wax were from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). Estradiol and progesterone solid phase enzyme immunoassay kits were obtained from DRG (Marburg, Germany). LDH kit was obtained from Merck (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy). The tissue chopper was purchased from McIlwain, Mickle Laboratory Engineering Company Ltd (Surrey, UK). Pump tubing was purchased from Cole-Parmer (Milan, Italy) and the peristaltic pump from Ismatec (Enco, Venice, Italy).
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6

Oxidative Stress Assay Protocol

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Histopaque 1077 and 1119, RPMI-1640 culture medium, l-glutamine 200 mM, penicillin–streptomycin 100×solution, fibronectin, fetal calf serum, bovine serum albumin, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were all acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium Azide (NaN3) was obtained from LabChem, Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) precursor dye was obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). The peroxyl free radical generator 2,2′-Azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was obtained from Wako Chemicals (Richmond, VA, USA).
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7

Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis Study

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Thioacetamide was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, USA. DAB substrate and DAB staining solution were purchased from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA 92121, USA). The HepG2 and FL83B cell lines were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was purchased from Thermo Scientific, USA. L-Glutamine (200 mM) was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, USA. A hydroxyproline assay kit was purchased from Chondrex (WA, USA). Anti-alpha smooth muscle actin antibody-Lot:GR283004-24 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor1 488) Lot:GR306624-1 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), hepatitis B core antigen Lot:#SF2406841H (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, South Korea), and goat anti-rabbit IgG (HRP) Lot:GR247075-7 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were used. A plasmid DNA purification kit was purchased from Intron Biotechnology (Lynnwood WA). The DNA isolation kit was purchased from QIAamp (DNA Mini kit, Germany). An ELISA kit for HBV antigen analysis was purchased from Wanti-Biopharm (Beijing). All other reagents used were of analytical or chromatographic grade.
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8

4T1 murine breast cancer cell culture

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Cell culture and chemicals. 4T1 murine breast carcinoma cells with stably transfected multi-cistronic reporter genes have been reported previously, so called 4T1_PB3R (24) . Cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium (Gibco; Invitrogen Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; HyClone; Thermo, Waltham, MA, USA), 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution (Caisson Laboratories Inc., North Logan, UT, USA) and 1% l-glutamine (200 mM) (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Cells were cultured in a 37˚C, humidified incubator containing 95% air and 5% CO 2 and passaged every 2 days. Preparation of glycated chitosan (10 mg/ml, dissolved in deionized distilled water) has been described previously (16) . It was then stored in the refrigerator until used.
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