2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl dpph 6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchroman 2 carboxylic acid

Methanol (≥99.9%) was purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Dichloromethane (≥99.9%) was supplied by Sigma Chemical Co. (Madrid, Spain). Hydrochloric acid (37%, w/w) was purchased from Riedel-De Haёn, Sigma (Seelze, Germany). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^·), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox, ≥97%), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, >98%), cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (≥95%) and quercetin-3-glucoside (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Maltodextrin was purchased from Nowamyl (Łobez, Poland). Nitric acid (65%, w/w) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid (≥98%) was purchased from Fluka Chemie (Madrid, Spain). HPLC-grade Methanol and water were supplied from Fisher Scientific Chemicals (Loures, Portugal) and further filtered using a Solvent Filtration Apparatus 58,061 from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Reference Bovine Liver, NIST-1577C was purchased from LGC standards (Dziekanów Leśny, Poland).

All chemicals and solvent were of analytical grade. Cyanidin (Cy)-3-glucoside, Pelargonidin (Pg)-3-glucoside, ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄), 2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), Griess reagent (catalog number G4410), dinitrophenylhydrazine, 5,5 dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), RIPA buffer (product number R 0278), LPS (Escherichia coli serotype 055:B5, product number L2880) and all other reagents and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich chemicals, Milan, Italy. CellROX^® Orange reagent were purchased from Invitrogen^TM, Life Technologies, Milan, Italy. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents, Milan, Italy, as well as all other products for cell cultivation. Primary and secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA and Bioss Inc., Woburn, MA, USA and all the other products for western blot analysis from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA, USA.

All the solutions employed were prepared with deionized water (Milli-Q Merck, Millipore Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm or greater. All chemicals used were analytical grade and used without further purification. Reagents employed for the pumpkin flower foam-mat elaboration; maltodextrin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and egg albumin (EA) were purchased from Food Technologies Trading (Estado de Mexico, Mexico), Tween-80 was purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA).
Reagents employed for the antioxidant activity assays; 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), potassium persulfate, 2,4,6-tris-2-piridil-s-triazine (TPTZ), hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane (TEP), and methanol (MeOH) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). ABTS was purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Indianapolis, IN, USA). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was purchased from Meyer (Estado de Mexico, Mexico). Iron (II) sulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium acetate were obtained from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Ferric (III) chloride was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany).