E cam 180

A detailed description of RE/SIRT is given elsewhere [64 (link)]. RE was performed using Yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres^®, Sirtex Medical, Lane Cove, Australia). Before RE, the hepatic arterial tree and the arterial feeders to the gastrointestinal tract were identified using angiography. To isolate the hepatic arterial blood supply, the gastroduodenal and right gastric arteries, as with any other gastrointestinal tract feeder, were embolized using coils. Subsequently, 99mTc-MAA (150 MBq, 99mTc-LyoMAA, COVIDien, Neustadt/Donau, Germany) was injected into the hepatic artery, and the distribution and the extent of hepatopulmonary shunting were visualized using a gamma camera (E.CAM 180, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). To detect extrahepatic non-target seeding of 99mTc-MAA, a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan of the upper abdomen was performed. The body surface area (BSA) method was used to calculate the activity of the 90Y resin microspheres [65 (link)]. During the two-week period following the previous procedure, a temporary transfemoral catheter was inserted into the proper hepatic artery, and 90Y resin microspheres were then selectively delivered into the hepatic arteries though the catheter (Figure 1A–F).

A detailed description of RE/ SIRT was previously provided [27 (link)]. RE was performed using Yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres^®, Sirtex Medical, Lane Cove, Australia). Before RE the hepatic arterial tree and the arterial feeders to the gastrointestinal tract were identified via angiography. The gastroduodenal and right gastric arteries as any other gastrointestinal tract feeders were embolized via coils or plugs to isolate the hepatic arterial blood supply. In the next step 99mTc-MAA (150 MBq, 99mTc-LyoMAA, Covidien, Neustadt/Donau, Germany) was delivered into the left and right hepatic artery and a gamma camera (E.CAM 180, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) determined the extent of hepatopulmonary shunting and tumor covering. A SPECT scan of the upper abdomen was performed to identify nontarget extrahepatic seeding of 99mTc-MAA. Activity of 90Y resin microspheres was calculated by the body surface area (BSA) method. Up to 2 weeks later, 90Y resin microspheres were delivered selectively into the hepatic arteries via a temporary transfemoral catheter placed selective in the left and right hepatic artery.

Nbs were labelled with ^99mTechnetium (^99mTc) via their His tag, purified and injected intravenously into mice (1.4±0.53 mCi in 100 μl, corresponding to ∼10 microgram Nb) as described27 (link). One hour post injection, anaesthetised mice were imaged using μCT (Skyscan 1178; Skyscan) followed by pinhole SPECT (e.cam180; Siemens Medical Solutions) as described previously27 (link).