Deuterium oxide 2h2o

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United Kingdom

Deuterium oxide (2H2O) is a stable isotope of water, where the hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuterium. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid. Deuterium oxide is used as a tracer compound and in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

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Deuterium oxide (280 citations)

6 protocols using deuterium oxide 2h2o

NMR Sample Preparation for Synovial Fluid

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150 μL
of each thawed SF sample was diluted to a final volume containing
50% (v/v) SF, 40% (v/v) dd ¹H₂O (18.2 MΩ),
100 mM PO₄^3– pH 7.4 buffer (Na₂HPO₄, VWR International Ltd., Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA
and NaH₂PO₄, Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK)
in deuterium oxide (²H₂O, Sigma-Aldrich) and
0.0025% (v/v) sodium azide (NaN₃, Sigma-Aldrich). Samples
were vortexed for 1 min, centrifuged at 13 000g and 4 °C for 2 min and 200 μL transferred (taking care
not to disturb any pelleted material) into 3 mm outer diameter NMR
tubes using a glass pipet.

Anderson J.R., Phelan M.M., Rubio-Martinez L.M., Fitzgerald M.M., Jones S.W., Clegg P.D, & Peffers M.J. (2020). Optimization of Synovial Fluid Collection and Processing for NMR Metabolomics and LC-MS/MS Proteomics. Journal of Proteome Research, 19(7), 2585-2597.

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Plasma Deuterium Enrichment for Fluid Delivery

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The quantification of plasma deuterium enrichment has previously been validated for qualitative assessment of fluid delivery [8 (link),14 ]. Based on both sample size power determination (G*Power 3, Dusseldorf) and cost, it was deemed that only 7 participants were required for assessment of fluid delivery. Prior to the oxidation trial, an intravenous 20 gauge cannula was inserted by a qualified phlebotomist into an antecubital vein for 7 of the participants, to allow repeated blood sampling. Sample lines were kept patent after each blood collection with a 2 ml isotonic saline flush (0.9% sodium chloride saline, Baxter, Norfolk, UK).
Participants received 5 g of deuterium oxide (²H₂O, Sigma Aldrich, Dorset, UK), included in the beverage administered at 60 minutes, for assessment of fluid delivery. Blood samples were collected in 10 ml Vacutainer tubes, containing sodium fluoride/K₃EDTA as an anticoagulant (Beckton Dickinson, Plymouth, UK), at 15 minute intervals from the 60 minute time point into the oxidation trial. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma ²H₂O enrichment via equilibration (Europa 20–20 continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry) by an independent laboratory (Iso-Analytical Ltd., Crewe, UK). Indwelling cannulas were removed at the end of the oxidation trial.

Roberts J.D., Tarpey M.D., Kass L.S., Tarpey R.J, & Roberts M.G. (2014). Assessing a commercially available sports drink on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, fluid delivery and sustained exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 11, 8.

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NMR Spectroscopy of Synovial Fluid

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NMR samples were
prepared within
48 h of acquisition. A 300 μL sample of thawed SF was diluted
to a final volume containing 50% (v/v) SF, 40% (v/v) dd ¹H₂O (18.2 MΩ), 10% (v/v) 1 M PO₄^3– pH 7.4 buffer (Na₂HPO₄, VWR
International Ltd., Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA and NaH₂PO₄, Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) in deuterium oxide (²H₂O, Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.0025% (v/v) sodium azide
(NaN₃, Sigma-Aldrich). Samples were vortexed for 1 min,
centrifuged at 13 000g and 4 °C for 2
min, and 590 μL transferred (taking care not to disturb any
pelleted material) into 5 mm outer diameter NMR tubes using a glass
pipet.

Anderson J.R., Phelan M.M., Clegg P.D., Peffers M.J, & Rubio-Martinez L.M. (2018). Synovial Fluid Metabolites Differentiate between Septic and Nonseptic Joint Pathologies. Journal of Proteome Research, 17(8), 2735-2743.

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Serum Sample Preparation for NMR Spectroscopy

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Aliquots were thawed and 125 µL of serum was diluted to a final volume containing 50% (v/v) serum, 40% (v/v) dd ¹H₂O (18.2 MΩ), 10% (v/v) 1 M PO₄³⁻ pH 7.4 buffer (Na₂HPO₄, VWR International Ltd., Radnor, PA, USA and NaH₂PO₄, Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) in deuterium oxide (²H₂O, Sigma-Aldrich) and 1.2 mM sodium azide (NaN₃, Sigma-Aldrich). Samples were vortexed for 1 min, centrifuged at 21,500 × g at 4 °C for 5 min and 200 µL transferred into 3-mm outer diameter NMR tubes using a glass pipette.

Tempest N., Hill C.J., Whelan A., De Silva A., Drakeley A.J., Phelan M.M, & Hapangama D.K. (2021). Symptomatology and Serum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics; Do They Predict Endometriosis in Fertile Women Undergoing Laparoscopic Sterilisation? A Prospective Cross-sectional Study. Reproductive Sciences, 28(12), 3480-3490.

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Serum Sample Preparation for NMR Analysis

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Serum aliquots were thawed and 300 μL of serum was diluted to a final volume containing 50% [v/v] serum, 40% [v/v] dd ¹H₂O (18.2 MΩ), 10% (v/v) 1 M PO₄³⁻ pH 7.4 buffer (Na₂HPO₄, VWR International Ltd., Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA and NaH₂PO₄, Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) in deuterium oxide (²H₂O, Sigma-Aldrich) and 1.2 mM sodium azide (NaN₃, Sigma-Aldrich). Samples were vortexed for 1 min, centrifuged at 21,500×g at 4 °C for 5 min and 600 μL transferred into 5 mm outer diameter NMR tubes.

Hill C.J., Phelan M.M., Dutton P.J., Busuulwa P., Maclean A., Davison A.S., Drury J.A., Tempest N., Horne A.W., Gutiérrez E.C, & Hapangama D.K. (2024). Diagnostic utility of clinicodemographic, biochemical and metabolite variables to identify viable pregnancies in a symptomatic cohort during early gestation. Scientific Reports, 14, 11172.

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Deuterium Oxide Labeling of Skeletal Muscle

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Participants orally consumed deuterium oxide (²H₂O, 70%, Sigma‐Aldrich) to achieve an isotopic steady state of 1%–2% to label newly synthesized skeletal muscle protein. ²H₂O was provided during the last 4 weeks of the intervention (weeks 9–12) starting with a priming stage in week 9 (50 ml, 3×/day) followed by maintenance during weeks 10–12 (50 ml, 2×/day). Body water enrichment was determined from plasma collected at the time of the OGTT. Tissue and analyte preparation are detailed in the Supporting Information.

Konopka A.R., Laurin J.L., Schoenberg H.M., Reid J.J., Castor W.M., Wolff C.A., Musci R.V., Safairad O.D., Linden M.A., Biela L.M., Bailey S.M., Hamilton K.L, & Miller B.F. (2018). Metformin inhibits mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic exercise training in older adults. Aging Cell, 18(1), e12880.

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