The shape, size, and aggregation phenomena of blank particles were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Nanosurf FlexAFM (Nanosurf AG, Liestal, Switzerland)). The particles were redissolved in distilled water and the sample suspension was deposited on a freshly cleaned microscopic glass. One minute after the deposition, the surface was rinsed with distilled water. The sample was left to dry for 24 h. The images were collected in tapping mode of the AFM using standard cantilever Tap190Al-G (Nanosurf AG, Liestal, Switzerland) with a 10 nm tip radius. The resultant picture showed a 10 × 10 µm area from the sample surface with a viewing field of 256 × 256 pixels collected over a 0.7 s scan time.
Tap190al g
Manufactured by Nanosurf
Sourced in Switzerland
The Tap190Al-G is an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever from Nanosurf. It has an aluminum-coated silicon tip and a length of 190 micrometers. The cantilever is designed for tapping mode operation.
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Lab products found in correlation
3 protocols using tap190al g
1
Characterization of Particle Morphology
2
Atomic Force Microscopy of Polyelectrolyte Films
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The surface morphology of the polyelectrolyte multilayer films was investigated by atomic force microscopy in tapping mode. The experiments were done by Nanosurf flex AFM (Nanosurf, Liestal, Switzerland), equipped with standard cantilevers Tap190Al-G The tip radius was 10 nm. The area of the images was 10 × 10 µm2. The mean square root roughness, Rq of the surface was calculated based on the dependence [28 ]:
where n is the total number of data points and Zi is the height of a data point above the average picture level.
where n is the total number of data points and Zi is the height of a data point above the average picture level.
3
Comprehensive Membrane Characterization Protocol
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The morphological characteristics of the membrane support, selective layer and 3D composite membrane were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (JEOL FESEM6301F) and a digital microscope (VHX -6000, Japan). The surface roughness of the 3D support and selective layer was determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM; Nanosurf EasyScan 2 Flex, Switzerland) under ambient conditions in the tapping mode (scan size of 5 µm, time/line of 1 s, samples/line of 256) with a monolithic silicon AFM probe (Tap190Al-G, nominal tip radius: < 10 nm).
The porosity (%) of the composite membrane were determined based on the protocol reported by Zhang et al. 30 The nominal porosity of the membrane support was calculated using following equation:
where n is the total number of pores. The actual porosity (number of open pores) of the membrane support was determined by comparing the mass difference between supports with and without pores:
where 𝑀 1 is the mass of membrane support without pores (kg) and 𝑀 2 is the mass of the support with pores (kg).
The wetting behaviour of the supports, selective layer and composite membranes was determined by measuring the water contact angles using a contact angle goniometer (OCA machine, Data Physics, Germany) at room temperature, using 5 l droplets. The average of three measurements was reported.
The porosity (%) of the composite membrane were determined based on the protocol reported by Zhang et al. 30 The nominal porosity of the membrane support was calculated using following equation:
where n is the total number of pores. The actual porosity (number of open pores) of the membrane support was determined by comparing the mass difference between supports with and without pores:
where 𝑀 1 is the mass of membrane support without pores (kg) and 𝑀 2 is the mass of the support with pores (kg).
The wetting behaviour of the supports, selective layer and composite membranes was determined by measuring the water contact angles using a contact angle goniometer (OCA machine, Data Physics, Germany) at room temperature, using 5 l droplets. The average of three measurements was reported.
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