Neferine

Celecoxib (Cat# PHR1683), safranin O solution (Cat# HT90432), fast green (Cat# F7252), hematoxylin solution (Cat# MHS1), eosin Y solution (Cat# 318906), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Cat# D8418), sodium citrate (Cat# PHR1416), hydrogen peroxide (Cat# 18304), Triton X-100 (Cat# T8787) and TRAP staining kits (Cat# 387 A) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Grapiprant (Cat# S6694), PF-04418948 (Cat# S7211), AZD6244 (Cat# S1008), JNK-IN-8 (Cat# S4901), SB203580 (Cat# S1076), GSK2141795 (Cat# S7492), neferine (Cat# S5144), IBMX (Cat# S5836) and PGE2 (Cat# S3003) were purchased from Selleck (Houston, TX). Recombinant mouse M-CSF protein (Cat# 416-ML) and recombinant mouse RANK L protein (Cat# 462-TRL) were purchased from R&D (Minnesota, USA). Matrigel (Cat# 356234) was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Mountant (Cat# P36931) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). A TRACP staining kit (Cat# MK300) was purchased from TaKaRa (Dalian, China).

Alkaloid natural product library was obtained from TargetMol (TargetMol, Shanghai, China, L6110). RSL3 (Selleckchem, Houston, TX, S8155) and erastin (Selleckchem, S7242) were used to induce ferroptosis. Staurosporine (Selleckchem, S1421), rapamycin (Selleckchem, S1039), rotenone (Selleckchem, S2348)/H₂O₂ (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, 31642) were used to induce apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, respectively. Ferrostatin-1 (Selleckchem, S7243)/liproxstatin-1 (Selleckchem, S7699), Z-VAD-FMK (Selleckchem, S8102), 3-methyladenine (Selleckchem, S2767), necrostatin-1 (Selleckchem, S8037) were used to inhibit ferroptosis, apoptosis, autophagic cell death and necrosis, respectively. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (Selleckchem, S1623) is an antioxidant that removes ROS. BBIQ compounds used in the study were all obtained from Selleckchem which include fangchinoline (S3611), cepharanthine (S4238), berbamine (S9141), dauricine (S9295), daurisoline (S9150), neferine (S5144), isoliensinine (S9247), liensinine (S9411).