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7 protocols using anti e cadherin ab40772

1

Modulation of ER Stress Pathways

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The ER stress activators thapsigargin (TG) and tunicamycin (TM) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA and Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., respectively. The ER stress inhibitors 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) and sodium tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA. TM, TG, PBA and TUDCA were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Leagene). Anti-glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78; ab12223), anti-activating transcription factor (ATF)6 (ab11909), anti-phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-IRE1α; ab48187), anti-E-Cadherin (ab40772), anti-fibronectin (ab2413) and anti-α-SMA (ab32575) primary antibodies were purchased from Abcam. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-p-eIF2α (119A11), horse anti-mouse and horse anti-rabbit secondary antibodies, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Anti-ATF4 primary antibody (sc-390063) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Primary antibodies against vimentin (10366-1-AP), β-actin (66009-1-Ig) and Neural cadherin (N-cadherin; 22018-1-AP) were purchased from ProteinTech Group, Inc.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling Proteins

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Cells were lysed with RIPA buffer supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase. The lysates were boiled in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) loading buffer and the proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The resultant protein bands were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Then, the membrane was incubated with primary antibodies (anti-Styk1 ab97451, anti-AKT1 (phospho S473) ab81283, anti-pan-AKT (phospho T308) ab3844, anti-GSK3 beta (phospho Y216) ab75745, anti-GSK3 beta (phospho S9) ab75814, anti-E Cadherin ab40772 from Abcam; snail (C15D3) and N-cadherin (D4R1H) from Cell Signaling Technology), all of which were dissolved in a 5% non-fat milk-based solvent, followed by incubation with HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit/mouse secondary antibodies. The protein bands were visualized by using the ECL detection reagent (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
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3

Antibody Characterization for Cell Analysis

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The commercially available primary antibodies used in this study included the following: anti–KPNA2 (sc‐55538), anti–vimentin (sc‐6260), anti–AKT 1 (sc‐5298), anti–c‐MYC (sc‐70469), and anti–GAPDH (sc‐32233), which were purchased from Santa Cruz; anti–ABCG2 (ab207732); anti–E‐cadherin (ab40772), anti–OCT4 (ab19857), and anti–c‐MYC (ab32072), which were purchased from Abcam; anti–phospho‐AKT (Ser473; 4060), anti–STAT1 (9176), and anti–phospho‐STAT3 (9145), which were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology; anti–PLSCR1 (11582‐1‐AP), anti–histone 3 (17169‐1‐AP), and anti–KPNA2 (10819‐1‐AP), which were purchased from Proteintech; and anti–β‐actin (MAB1501) and anti–Myc (05‐724), which were obtained from Millipore. The secondary antibodies used for western blotting included HRP‐conjugated goat anti–rabbit and HRP‐conjugated goat anti–mouse IgG antibodies purchased from Cytiva. Immunofluorescence staining was performed using Alexa Fluor 594‐ and Alexa Fluor 488‐conjugated secondary antibodies purchased from Molecular Probes.
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4

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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Cells were washed three times with PBS, lysed with RIPA buffer on ice for half an hour and centrifuged at 12,000 g/s for 20 min to collect the supernatant. We used a BCA kit (Boster Biological Technology) to detect the protein concentration. Then, the proteins (10 µL/lane) were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk, probed with primary antibodies (1:1000) and stained with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-linked secondary antibodies (1:15,000, Promega). Then, the blots were visualized using an ECL kit (Tiangen). The antibodies used in this study were as follows: anti-PTEN (Proteintech, 22034-1-AP), anti-β-actin (Proteintech, 20536-1-AP), and anti-β-Catenin (Proteintech, 66379-1-lg). Anti-p-mTOR (5536), anti-mTOR (2983), anti-P65 (8242), anti-IKB (4814), anti-p-ERK1/2 (4370), anti-ERK1/2 (5013), anti-p-STAT3 (9131), anti-STAT3 (9132), anti-CDK2 (18048), anti-CyclinB1 (12231), anti-P21 (2947), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (9664), anti-cleaved caspase-9 (20750), anti-p-GSK-3β (5558) and anti-GSK-3β (12456) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology [CST, Danvers, MA (20750)]. Anti-p-JAK2 (ab32101), anti-JAK2 (ab108596), anti-vimentin (ab92547), anti-N-cadherin (ab18203) and anti-E-cadherin (ab40772) were purchased from Abcam (MA, United States).
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5

Hepatoprotective Mechanisms Evaluation

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TS (T5016), TO (T7140), TL (T9517), PA-d31 (366897), OA (75090), EPA (44864), and anti-FABP1 antibody (HPA028275) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Anti-malondialdehyde (GTX12835) was purchased from GeneTex. Anti-cytochrome P450 2E1 (ab28146), anti-GRP78 BiP antibody (ab21685), and anti–E-cadherin (ab40772) were purchased from Abcam. Anti–caspase-3 (A11021) was purchased from ABclonal. 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; BL105A) was purchased from Biosharp. CCl4 (C805332) was purchased from Macklin. BMS-309403 (10010206) was purchased from Cayman Chemicals. Laurdan (D250) was purchased from Molecular Probes.
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6

Quantitative Protein Expression Analysis

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At 24 h post transfection, the cells were collected and seeded onto a six-well plate. After 48 h, the cells were lysed and sonicated. Then, protein concentrations of lysates were measured using a Protein Assay Kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). The lysates were re-suspended in Laemmli buffer, denatured for 5 min at 98°C, and separated by Tris-glycine denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins were blotted onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, blocked in 5% milk, and incubated overnight with the following primary antibodies: for endogenous protein detection, anti-E-cadherin (ab40772; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) or anti-α-tubulin (ab11304; Abcam); for MS2-22sTag protein detection, anti-HA (ab49969; Abcam) at a 1:1,000 (ab40772 and ab11304) or 1:2,000 (ab49969) dilution ratio in Can Get Signal Solution 1 (Toyobo) at 4°C. Subsequently, the proteins were incubated with the corresponding horseradish peroxidase–conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at a 1:250 dilution ratio in Can Get Signal Solution 2 (Toyobo) for 1 h at room temperature. Chemiluminescent signals were generated using a SuperSignal West Pico Plus Chemiluminescent Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and captured on X-ray films (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan). The films were scanned, and signal intensities were quantified using ImageJ software.*
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7

Western Blot Protein Analysis Protocol

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Cells were washed three times with PBS, lysed with RIPA buffer on ice for half an hour and centrifuged at 12000g/s for 20 minutes to collect the supernatant. Then the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transfromed to PVDF membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk, probed with primary antibodies and stained with with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-linked secondary antibodies (Promega). Then the blots were visualized using ECL kit (Tiangen). The antibodies used in this study were as follows: anti-PTEN (proteintech, 22034-1-AP), anti-β-actin (proteintech, 20536-1-AP), anti-β-Catenin (proteintech, 66379-1-lg); The anti-p-mTOR (5536), anti-mTOR (2983), anti-P65 (8242), anti-IKB (4814), anti-p-ERK1/2 (4370), anti-ERK1/2 (5013), anti-p-STAT3 (9131), anti-STAT3 (9132), anti-CDK2 (18048), anti-CyclinB1 (12231), anti-P21 (2947), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (9664), anti-cleaved caspase-9 (20750), anti-p-GSK-3β (5558) and anti-GSK-3β (12456) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Danvers, MA, United States). And the anti-p-JAK2 (ab32101), anti-JAK2 (ab108596), anti-Vimentin (ab92547), anti-N-cadherin (ab18203) and anti-E-cadherin (ab40772) were purchased from Abcam (MA, United States).
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