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7 protocols using lichroprep rp 18 40 63 μm

1

Analytical HPLC-MS Metabolite Profiling

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Analytical HPLC-MS spectra of metabolites were collected using an Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC with an Agilent 6120 Quadrupole low-resolution (LR) electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Liquid column chromatography was carried out using either LiChroprep® RP-18 (40–63 μm) (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) or Sep-Pak® Vac 35cc (10g) C18 cartridge (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Preparative HPLC for the isolation of metabolites was achieved on an Agilent Prepstar HPLC system with Agilent Polaris C18-A 5 μm (21.2 × 250 mm), Phenomenex Luna C18(2) or C8(2) (100Å) 10 μm (10.0 × 250 mm) (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA), and Agilent Phenyl-Hexyl 5 μm (9.4 × 250 mm) columns. High-resolution mass spectra were obtained from an Agilent iFunnel 6550 QTOF (quadrupole time-of flight) MS instrument fitted with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source coupled to an Agilent 1290 Infinity HPLC system.
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2

Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay Protocol

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Optical values were measured on a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Pte., Ltd., Singapore). NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance III 500 spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin AG, Bangkok, Thailand). Chemical shifts are expressed as δ values. HRESIMS data were acquired on Bruker micrOTOF-QII mass spectrometer (Bruker Singapore Pte., Ltd., Singapore). Column chromatography (CC) was carried out using silica gel 60, 0.06–0.2 mm (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain) and LiChroprep RP-18, 40–63 μm (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Kieselgel 60 F254 or RP-18 F254 plates for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were purchased from Merck (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Mushroom tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1; 3933 U mL−1) and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Pte Ltd, Singapore). Other chemicals were of the highest grade available.
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3

Analytical HPLC-MS Metabolite Profiling

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Analytical HPLC-MS spectra of metabolites were collected using an Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC with an Agilent 6120 Quadrupole low-resolution (LR) electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Liquid column chromatography was carried out using either LiChroprep® RP-18 (40–63 μm) (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) or Sep-Pak® Vac 35cc (10g) C18 cartridge (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Preparative HPLC for the isolation of metabolites was achieved on an Agilent Prepstar HPLC system with Agilent Polaris C18-A 5 μm (21.2 × 250 mm), Phenomenex Luna C18(2) or C8(2) (100Å) 10 μm (10.0 × 250 mm) (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA), and Agilent Phenyl-Hexyl 5 μm (9.4 × 250 mm) columns. High-resolution mass spectra were obtained from an Agilent iFunnel 6550 QTOF (quadrupole time-of flight) MS instrument fitted with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source coupled to an Agilent 1290 Infinity HPLC system.
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4

Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Compounds

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Optical rotations were performed with a JASCO P-2000 polarimeter (Tokyo, Japan). MS spectra were obtained on Bruker Daltonik Esquire 2000 (ESIMS, ESIMS/MS) and micrOTOF orthogonal ESI-TOF (HRESIMS) mass spectrometers (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). 1D and 2D NMR spectra were recorded in CD3OD (δH 3.30 and δC 49.0) on a Bruker Avance III 600 spectrometer, equipped with a dual-cryo probe (Karlsruhe, Germany). Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC; model LLB-M) was purchased from Sanki Engineering Co. (Kyoto, Japan). Column Chromatography (CC) was carried out on pre-packed Lobar columns (size A, 240 × 10 mm; size B, 310 × 25 mm; size C, 440 × 37 mm, LiChroprep RP-18, 40–63 μm, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and Sephadex LH-20 (Pharmacia Co., Stockholm, Sweden). TLC plate (aluminum sheets, Silica 60 F254, 20 × 20 cm, 0.2 mm thick, Merck) was used analytically. HPLC system consisted of a Hitachi L-7000 pump, a Hitachi L-7000 UV detector monitored at 210 nm, and a Prodigy ODS3 100A column (semi-prep., 250 × 10 mm, 5 μm, Phenomenex, California, USA), delivered by a mixture of solvent A, 0.1% formic acid (Merck) in H2O, and solvent B, 0.1% formic acid in CH3CN (Merck), with flow rate 2.3 mL/min.
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5

Spectroscopic Analysis of Tyrosinase Inhibition

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Optical values were measured on a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Pte., Ltd., Singapore). IR spectra were measured with a Shimadzu IR-408 infrared spectrometer (Shimadzu Pte., Ltd., Singapore). NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance III 500 spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin AG, Bangkok, Thailand). Chemical shifts are expressed as δ values. HRESIMS data were acquired on Bruker micrOTOF-QII mass spectrometer (Bruker Singapore Pte., Ltd., Singapore). Column chromatography was carried out using silica gel 60, 0.06–0.2 mm (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain) and LiChroprep RP-18, 40−63 μm (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Kieselgel 60 F254 or RP-18 F254 plates for TLC were purchased from Merck (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) from mushroom (3933 U·mL−1) and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Pte., Ltd., Singapore). Other chemicals were of the highest grade available.
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6

Spectroscopic Analysis of Natural Compounds

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Optical values were measured on a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Pte., Ltd., Singapore). IR spectra were measured with a Shimadzu IR-408 infrared spectrometer (Shimadzu Pte., Ltd., Singapore). NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance III 500 spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin AG, Bangkok, Thailand). Chemical shifts are expressed as δ values. HRESIMS data were acquired on Bruker micrOTOF-QII mass spectrometer (Bruker Singapore Pte., Ltd., Singapore). Column chromatography was carried out using silica gel 60, 0.06–0.2 mm (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain), and LiChroprep RP-18, 40−63 μm (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Kieselgel 60 F254 or RP-18 F254 plates for TLC were purchased from Merck (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) from mushroom (3933 U·mL−1) and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Pte Ltd, Singapore). Other chemicals were of the highest grade available.
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7

Spectroscopic and Structural Analysis of Compounds

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Melting points were measured on an electrothermal apparatus. IR and VCD spectra were recorded on a BioTools ChiralIR 2× VCD spectrometer (BioTools, Inc., Jupiter, FL, USA). X-ray data were obtained on a Bruker D8 Venture Geometry diffractometer. The 1D and 2D NMR experiments were performed on a Bruker AVANCE III HD 400 MHz and a Bruker AVANCE III HD 700 MHz. Chemical shifts were referenced to tetramethylsilane, and J values are given in Hz. The HRESIMS data were acquired on a Jeol AccuTOF JMS T100LC spectrometer. Silica gel 40–63 μm (Aldrich) and LiChroprep RP-18 40–63 μm (Merck) were used for column chromatography (CC). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 (Merck).
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