Citric acid

Manufactured by Samchun

Citric acid is a weak organic acid commonly found in citrus fruits. It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a sour taste. Citric acid is widely used in various industries, including food, beverage, and pharmaceutical applications, due to its ability to act as a preservative, pH regulator, and flavoring agent.

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Lab products found in correlation

Sodium bicarbonate, by Samchun (2 mentions) Polyacrylic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Sodium citrate dihydrate, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions) Pen strep, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Iron 2 chloride tetrahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Samchun (1 mentions) Ammonia solution, by Samchun (1 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Duksan Pure Chemicals (1 mentions) Sodium carbonate, by Samchun (1 mentions) Manganese 2 nitrate tetrahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ethylenediamine eda, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Manganese 2 chloride tetrahydrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide h2o2, by Samchun (1 mentions) L ascorbic acid, by Samchun (1 mentions)

3 protocols using citric acid

Synthesis of Iron-Based Nanoparticles

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All reagents were used without purification. Iron(iii) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O, 97%, Sigma-Aldrich), iron(ii) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂·4H₂O, ≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich), manganese(ii) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl₂·4H₂O, ≥98%, Daejung), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 35–37%, Samchun), ammonia solution (NH₄OH, 28–30%, Samchun), polyacrylic acid (PAA, MW: 2000, 63 wt% aqueous solution, Acros Organics), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 93%, Duksan), sodium citrate dihydrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇·2H₂O, ≥99%, Daejung), citric acid (C₆H₈O₇, 99.5%, Samchun), sodium phosphate dibasic (Na₂HPO₄, 99%, Samchun), sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O, 98–102%, Samchun), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃, 99%, Samchun), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃, 99–100.5%, Samchun), fetal bovine serum (FBS, Merck Millipore), Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM, Welgene), penicillin–streptomycin (Pen–Strep, Gibco), saline (0.9% NaCl, JW Life Science), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8, Sigma-Aldrich), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4, 10 mM, Sigma-Aldrich) were used.

Lee S., Byun A., Jo J., Suh J.M., Yoo J., Lim M.H., Kim J.W., Shin T.H, & Choi J.S. (2024). Ultrasmall Mn-doped iron oxide nanoparticles with dual hepatobiliary and renal clearances for T1 MR liver imaging. Nanoscale Advances, 6(8), 2177-2184.

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Fermentation of Black Raspberry Extract

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Organically grown BR were harvested from Gochang province in South Korea, quickly rinsed with tap water, and soaked in a jar with 40% (w/v) sugar at room temperature for 30 days at 20 °C. After soaking, the black raspberries were strongly pressed for 30 min. The obtained BRE was immediately diluted up to 20, 30, and 40° Brix with distilled water and then pasteurized for 15 min at 75 °C. The sterilized BRE was adjusted to pH 4–9 with 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate and 0.5 M citric acid (Samchun Pure Chemical Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea). The strain PA-M76 was cultured in MRS broth for 24 h at 37 °C and then collected by centrifugation (1580MGR; Gyrozen, Daejeon, Korea) at 10,000× g for 15 min and washed twice with sterilized water. PA-M76 (v/v) was inoculated with BRE, and fermentation was conducted at 25–30 °C for 3–15 days. The fermented BRE (fBRE) samples were collected aseptically every 24 h for further analysis. The obtained fBRE was stored at −80 °C until further analysis.

Song Y.R., Lee C.M., Lee S.H, & Baik S.H. (2021). Evaluation of Probiotic Properties of Pediococcus acidilactici M76 Producing Functional Exopolysaccharides and Its Lactic Acid Fermentation of Black Raspberry Extract. Microorganisms, 9(7), 1364.

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Manganese-Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions

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All reagents were used as purchased. Citric acid (CA, 99.9%, Samchun), l(+)-ascorbic acid (AA, 99.5%, Samchun), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 34.5%, Samchun), ethylenediamine (EDA, 99%, Alfa Aesar), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, >99.8%, Alfa Aesar), manganese(ii) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl₂·4H₂O, >98%, Acros Organics), manganese(ii) sulfate monohydrate (MnSO₄·H₂O, >98%, Duksan), manganese(ii) nitrate tetrahydrate (Mn(NO₃)₂·4H₂O, ≥97%, Sigma Aldrich), and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB, 97%, TCI).

Kang W., Lee A., Tae Y., Lee B, & Choi J.S. (2023). Enhancing catalytic efficiency of carbon dots by modulating their Mn doping and chemical structure with metal salts. RSC Advances, 13(13), 8996-9002.

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