Compression test was performed by using Instron E3000LT (Instron Inc., Norwood, MA, USA) by preparing a hydrogel disk with a height of 15 mm and a diameter of 20 mm. The sample was placed on a plate and compressed at a rate of 5 mm/min. Compressive stress was recorded when the sample was compressed with a strain of 70%. The measurement was performed in triplicate. All the hydrogels used in the measurements were prepared in the same manner to the rheological analysis.
E3000lt
Manufactured by Instron
Sourced in United States
The E3000LT is a compact, low-capacity materials testing system designed for laboratory use. It offers a force capacity of up to 3 kN and is suitable for a variety of materials testing applications, including tensile, compression, and flexure tests. The system is equipped with a precision load cell and crosshead displacement measurement for accurate data acquisition. The E3000LT is a versatile and reliable solution for materials characterization in a laboratory setting.
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5 protocols using e3000lt
1
Compressive Stress Analysis of Hydrogels
2
Compressive Stress Analysis of Hydrogel Discs
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With respect to the compressive test, hydrogel discs with a height of 10 mm and a diameter of 20 mm were prepared. Furthermore, compressive tests were performed using an Instron E3000LT (Instron Inc., Norwood, MA, USA). The sample was placed on a plate and compressed at a rate of 5 mm/min. Compressive stress was recorded when the sample was compressed with a strain of 40%. The measurement was performed in triplicate.
3
Characterization of NaCl-Suc/A Hydrogels
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The optical properties of the NaCl–Suc/A hydrogels were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy (Shimadzu, 1900i, Kyoto, Japan). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement was performed using a potentiostat (BioLogic, SP-200, Seyssinet-Pariset, France) for gels with a size of 8 mm × 8 mm and 500 μm thick in an alternative current (AC) of 0.2 V in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 1000 kHz. The mechanical properties of the gels were measured using a universal testing machine (Instron, E3000LT, Norwood, MA, USA) at the speed of 1 mm/min with gel specimens made according to ASTM D638 [34 ] type 4. The resistance change of the gels was measured using a source-measure unit (Keithley, SMU 2450, Cleveland, OH, USA). The capacitance of the pressure sensors was measured and recorded using an LCR meter (Keysight, E4980AL, Santa Rosa, CA, USA).
4
Characterization of Thermal Interface Materials
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The morphological and microstructural properties of the compounds and TIMs were characterized using an optical microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan, SMZ745T) and a high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan, SU8010). Optical image processing was conducted using the ImageJ software (v1.53e) to analyze the alignment of the metal particles. The size of the EGaIn and Cu particles in toluene was measured using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA, LS 13 320). The selected samples were frozen using liquid nitrogen and shattered to pieces to observe the cross-section of the EGaIn-Cu/PDMS TIMs via SEM. The elemental composition of the EGaIn-Cu/PDMS TIMs was analyzed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) (Hitachi, SU8010). The thermal conductivity of the TIMs was analyzed at 25 °C under atmospheric pressure in a nitrogen environment, using laser flash analysis (LFA) (Netzsch, Selb, Germany, LFA 467). The mechanical properties of the TIMs were measured using a universal testing machine (Instron, Norwood, MA, USA, E3000LT).
5
Hydrogel Mechanical Characterization
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The compressive and tensile experiments were performed by an Instron E3000LT (Instron Inc, Buckinghamshire, UK). The hydrogels for the tensile tests were manufactured in the form of a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 60 mm, and for the compression test, they were manufactured in the form of a cylinder with a diameter of 14 mm and a thickness of 60 mm. The compressive and tensile tests were performed at the speed of 5 mm/min.
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