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Anti ahr antibody

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States

The Anti-AhR antibody is a research tool used to detect and quantify the presence of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) protein in various biological samples. AhR is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism and other cellular processes. This antibody can be used in techniques such as Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry to study the expression and localization of AhR in cells and tissues.

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7 protocols using anti ahr antibody

1

Investigating HK-2 Cell Responses

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Reagents and antibodies were obtained from the following companies: HK-2 cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, and trypsin-EDTA solutions were purchased from Gibco (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA). IS and IPA were purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-CYP1A1 and anti-MCP-1 antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-TGF-β1 antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-AHR antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-phospho-Stat3 (Tyr705) and anti-Stat3 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling (Boston, MA, USA). Anti-α-tubulin antibody was purchased from Calbiochem (La Jolla, CA, USA). Anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase (HRP)- and anti-mouse IgG HRP-linked antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of AhR Protein

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MDA-MD-468shAhR and Cal51shAhR were treated for seven days with vehicle or 750 ng/mL doxycycline (Dox) in DMEM with 10% Tet-Approved FBS. After treatment, cells were collected by trypsinization, washed with 1× PBS (Gibco, Invitrogen), and lysed using Triton X-100 lysis buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 400 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 0.5% triton X-100, protease inhibitors, and benzonase). Total protein concentration was measured using the Bradford method (BioRad), and 20 μg of protein was resolved using SDS-PAGE on 8% polyacrylamide gels. Protein was transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane at 4°C for one hour at 0.35A. Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk in PBS + 0.1% Tween for one hour at room temperature, then incubated with 1:10,000 anti-AhR antibody (Santa Cruz, sc-5579) or 1:10,000 anti-β-Actin (Sigma, A5316) overnight at 4°C. Membranes were incubated with 1:10,000 goat anti-rabbit HRP or anti-mouse HRP secondary antibody for one hour at room temperature. Enhanced chemiluminescence reagents (Thermo Scientific) were applied to the membranes prior to exposure to x-ray film (Kodak).
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3

Immunoprecipitation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

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EOC cells in test tubes were carefully washed twice with pre-chilled PBS. Non-denaturing lysis buffer (20 mM Tris HCl pH 8, 137 mM NaCl, 1% Nonidet P-40 (NP-40), 2 mM EDTA) was then added to the tubes. The cells were scraped off and moved to clean 1.5-ml tubes. 20 µl protein A/G agarose was added to the tubes to eliminate non-specific binding proteins, and the tubes were then shaken using a horizontal shaker for 10 min at 4 °C. The tubes were then centrifuged at 1000 g at 4 °C for 5 min, and the supernatant was transferred to new tubes while the protein A/G-agarose beads were discarded. A total of 500 μg of cell lysate per IP was used to immunoprecipitate AhR using anti-AhR antibody (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) at 4 °C, with the tubes shaken overnight. Then protein A/G plus agarose beads (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) were added directly to the supernatant and the mixture was shaken for 2 h at 4 °C. Next, it was centrifuged at 1000 g at 4 °C for 5 min, and the supernatant was removed. The beads were then washed twice with ice-cold PBS. Finally, 50 µl RIPA buffer (0.1% SDS, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris pH 8.0) and 6× sampling dye were added. The proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-AR and anti-AhR (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) antibody. Rabbit IgG was used as the control.
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4

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Whole-cell protein extracts from the cells treated with DMSO or OM were obtained by using nuclear extraction kit (Active Motif, Carlsbad, CA; 40010) according to the manufacturer's instructions (Shivanna et al., 2011b (link)). β-actin was used as the reference protein. The protein extracts were separated by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: anti-AhR antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA; sc-5579, dilution 1:500), anti-HO-1 (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY; ADI-SPA-896F, dilution 1:500), anti-Nrf2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA; sc-722, dilution 1:500), and anti-β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA; sc-47778, dilution 1:1000) antibodies. The primary antibodies were detected by incubation with the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies. The immunoreactive bands were detected by chemiluminescence methods and the band densities were analyzed by Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of AhR, CYP1A1, NQO1, Nrf2 and Phospho-Nrf2

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Whole-cell protein extracts from the cells treated with DMSO or OM 100 for up to 48 h were obtained by using nuclear extraction kit (Active Motif, Carlsbad, CA; 40010) [29 (link)]. β-actin was used as a reference protein. The protein extracts were separated by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: anti-AhR antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA; sc-5579, dilution 1:500), anti-CYP1A1 antibody (gift from P.E. Thomas, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, dilution 1:500), anti-NQO1 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA; sc-16464, dilution 1:500), anti-β-actin antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA; sc-47778, dilution 1:1000), anti-Nrf2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA; sc-722, dilution 1:500) and anti-phosphoNrf2 (S40) antibodies (Abcam; ab76026, Cambridge, MA; dilution 1:1000). The immuno-reactive bands were detected by chemiluminescence methods.
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6

ChIP-qPCR Analysis of AhR Binding

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The ChIP assays were performed as previously described by JY et al. 31 (link). ChIP DNA was detected using an ABI 7500 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) using SYBR Green (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). We used the anti-AhR antibody (Cat# sc-133088; Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:500).
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7

Immunohistochemical Analysis of ERα and AhR

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After antigen retrieval with 0.01 M citrate buffer, pH 6, endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked by incubation with 3% hydrogen peroxide in 60% methanol. Nonspecific binding sites were blocked with 5% BSA. Sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with 1:200 rabbit polyclonal anti-ERα antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) or 1:200 rabbit polyclonal anti-AhR antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.). After several washes, sections were incubated with secondary antibody biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA) for 2 h at room temperature.
To reveal the sites of antigen/antibody binding, an avidin-horseradish peroxidase complex (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) and the chromogen 3,3'diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used.
For control staining, some sections were incubated with PBS instead of primary antibody and no immunoreactivity was detected. Sections were dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in xylene and mounted in Canada balsam, and then photographed using Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope and Visiopharm Integrator System software.
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